Biology B2a

Frage	Antworten
What is makes up an animal cell?	Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes and Mitrochondria
What does the nucleus do?	It contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
What does the Cytoplasm do?	It is a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions
What does the Cell Membrane do?	Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
What does the Ribosome do?	It is where most of the reactions for resperation happen
What does the mitrochondria produce?	Proteins
What do plant cells have that animal cells don't?	Cell Wall, Permanent Vacuole and Chloroplasts
What does a cell wall do?	it is made of cellulose, it supports the cell and strengthens it
What does a permanent vacuole contain?	It contain cell sap, a weak soloution of sugar and salts
What takes place in the chloroplasts?	Photosynthesis
What is Diffusion ?	The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration
Where does diffusion happen?	In both soloutions and gases
The bigger the difference in concentration the _____ the diffusion rate	faster
What is a Palisade Leaf Cell specialised to for?	It is specialised for photosynthesis They are packed with chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Most of them are at the top of the cell so they can get more light. The tall shape gives them a larger surface area to get more light. The thin shape places the chloroplasts at the top
What are Red Blood Cells specialised for?	They are specialised for moving oxygen around the body. Their concave shape gives them more surface area for absorbing oxygen and it helps them pass smoothly through capilaries. They are packed with haemoglobin the pigment that absorbs oxygen and they have no nucleus to make more room haemoglobin.
What are Sperm and Egg Cells specialised for	Reproduction The main functions of an egg cell are to carry female DNA and to nourish the embryo in its developing stages. The function of the sperm cell is to get the male DNA to the female DNA, it has a long tail which is stream lined to help it swim.
What are Guard Cells specialised for?	They are specialised to open and close pores They have a special kidney shape which opens and closes the stomata. When the plants has lots of water the guard cells fill with it and go plump and turgid. This makes the stomata open so gases can be exchanged for photosynthesis. When the plant is short on water, the guard cells lose water and become flaccid making the stomata close up so water can not escape
List the cell organisation from specialised cells to organ systems	specialised cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems
Name the 3 types of tissues and their roles in organs	1) Muscular Tissue = Moves the stomach wall to churn up food 2) Glandular Tissue = Makes digestive juices to digest foods 3) Epithelial Tissue = Inside and Outside of the stomach
Name the organs in the digestive system and what their job is	1) Glands which produce digestive juices 2) Stomach and Small Intestine digest food 3) Liver produces bile 4) Small intestine absorbs soluble food molecules 5) The large intestines absorb water from undigested food leaving feaces
What is photosynthesis	The process that produces 'food' in plants and algae It happens inside chloroplasts, they contain green substances called chlorophyll which absorb sunlight and use its energy to convert CO2 and H2O into C6H12O6 and O2. It happens in all green leaved plants
What is the equation for photosynthesis	CO2 + H2O = C6H12O6 + O2 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon Dioxde + Water = Glucose + Oxgyen
What do xylem and pholem do?	They transport water and mineral ions around the plant
What does the epidermis do?	It covers the plant
What happens at the mesophyll?	It is where photosynthesis happens
What effects photosynthesis?	Light intensity, volume of CO2 and temperature
What is the temperature which enzymes will die at in a plant?	45 degrees
How can gardeners artificially create the ideal conditions for farming?	A greenhouse, they can trap heat and make sure the temperature is not limiting. Commercial light can be used at night for more photosynthesis. You can also use a parafin heater which produces heat and CO2 for the plants. This also costs money however and if you do not do it right you may end up wasting money.
What are the 5 ways glucose can be used	1 - Resperation 2 - Making Cell Walls 3 - Making Proteins 4 - Storing in Seeds 5 - Storing as starch
How is glucose used for resperation?	Plants manufacture glucose in their leaves they use some of this for resperation. This releases energy which can be used to help the left over glucose turn into various other useful substances. These new substances help build new cells and growth.
How is glucose used to make cell walls	Glucose is converted into cellulose for making strong cell walls
How is glucose used to make proteins	Glucose is combined with nitrate ions to make amino acids which are then made into proteins
How is glucose stored in seeds	Glucose is turned into lupids (fats and oils) for storing in seeds.
How is glucose stored as starch	Glucose is turned into starch and stored in roots, stems and leaves ready for use when photosynthesis is not happening, like in winter. Starch is insoluble which makes it much better for storing than glucose - a cell with lots of glucose would draw in loads of water and swell up
What does the distribution of organisms depend on?	1) Temperature 2) Availability of water 3) Availability of O2 and CO2 4) Availability of nutrients 5) Amount of light
What are the two ways to study distribution of organisms	Measure how common an organism is in two sample areas and compare them Study how the ditribution changes across and acre

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