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| Frage | Antworten |
| Anatomy - Galen | - 4 Humours - Born 129 CE in Perganum -Train Alexandria - Father = Physician - Treat Gladiator + Emperor - Couldn't dissect human in Rome - Bisect Barbary Macaques - Brain control Speech -Wrote 'On Anatomy' - 1000's years ideas = framework |
| Anatomy - Vesalius | - 16th Century Brussels - Father pharmacist - University Paris - 23 = professor of anatomy at padua [Italy] - 1543 'The fabric of the human body' - Correcting Galen's 200+ mistakes - Perform dissections himself |
| Anaesthetics - Humphrey Davy | - 1880 - Discover nitrous oxide - Laughing Gas - Used as recreational drug |
| Anaesthetics - Horace Wells | - 1844, at circus he saw laughing gas being used and it gave no pain - Try out on dentistry patients. - He was first to be anesthetized - Try show at Boson -> Fail as patient groan |
| Anaesthetics - William Morton | - Wells' partner - Test ether on dog + then himself. Work - Went back to Boston. - Give patient Ether while Dr. Warren remove tumor. Success |
| Anaesthetics - James Simson | - Ether at childbirth - Chloroform at diner party [1847] - Used for trivial ops -> 1st to die was 15 yr old Hannah Greener for ingrowing toenail -> Cardiac Arrest |
| Anaesthetics - John Snow | - Calculate dosages for Ether + Chloroform - Born 1813 - York - Design apparatus to administrate Ether - Inhaler for chloroform - Give Queen Vic. Chloroform - Published 'On Chloroform + Other anaesthetics and their action + administration' in 1858 |
| Anaesthetics - Karl Koller | - Colleague of Sigmund Freud - Introduced Cocaine as a local anaesthetic for eye surgery. - Put cocaine in Frog's eye and stabbed it's eye and then tried on himself. No Pain |
| Antiseptics - Ignaz Semmelweis | - 1840's, while director of materniy clinic at Vienna General Hospital, he discovered that hand washing could greatly reduce number of deaths. - Sadly, he was ignored - tricked into going into insane asylum and died of infection |
| Antiseptics - Joseph Lister | - Many patients died of infection + septicemia. - Lister noticed that if wound covered in boiling tar, sometimes gangrene didn't set in. - Insist hand washing, bandages + clean clothes. - Invent Carbolic acid spray to prevent microbes reaching wound. Acid caused irritation, coughs + burning eyes. - D. rate drop - Some Hated him |
| Blood Loss - Landsteiner | - 1901: Karl Landsteiner (Austria) - discovered blood groups. Transfusions had been tried before but usually killed the patient because of clotting. Matching blood groups stopped this happening. |
| Blood Loss - Lewisohn | 1913: Richard Lewisohn discovered that sodium citrate stopped blood clotting during an operation. |
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