Sociology crime and deviance

Frage	Antworten
Anomie	Durkheim (1987) Functionalist - feeling no shared values or social solidarity. More likely to commit crime. Positive as justice system reinforces social boundaries and behaviour. (Deterrent)
Strain theory	Merton (1938) Functionalist- where culture goals can not be met legitimately, so innovation is used for crime to make ends meet as there is a lack of opportunity.
Status frustration	Cohen - functionalist- lack of legitimate opportunity and dissatisfied with position is society. Makes people replace middle class values with crime
Resistance to capitalism	Brake (1980) Marxist - magical illusion that dressing differently and making a subculture will make them different from the previous generation. But each generation stays oppressed under capitalism
False consciousness	Pearce (1976) Marxist - that's middle class business owners manipulate the law for there own interest. They offer health care to have healthy loyal workers not because they care. Reduce labour turnover.
"Under-policed and Under-punished"	Reiman (2001) - Marxist - he argues institutions are in the in favour of the middle class and why white collar crime is under punished
Underclass	Murray (1990) New Right - that poor socialisation from groups such as lone parents fail to teach correct values and have a culture dependency meaning they are more likely to commit crime.
Biological reason for crime	Wilson (1985) New Right - some people are naturally more aggressive and low in intelligence therefore more likely to commit crime.
Unreliable official statistics	Circourel, Interractionist - state statistics are often controlled and state constructed. They are targeted and racially profilled. A reflection of the police and institutions.
Drifting theory	Matza, Interractionist - we all naturally want to commit crime which is shown when even the middle Class are under the influence and commit crimes such as domestic violence, drunk and disorderly or speeding.
Primary and secondary secondary deviance	Lemert (1951) Interractionist - primary deviance is the physical activity of the crime. Secondary is the labelling and stigma attached which becomes their master status. Streams them out of society and to reoffend.
Functionalist theories which supports arguments for ethnic minorities	Durkheim - Anomie and Merton strain theory This supports how EM'S have not got the institutional means to achieve culture goals. They are economically and educationally deprived. So they innovate to crime to avoid Institutions bias.
New Right argument for ethnic minorities	Murray argues there is an underclass which widely includes ethnic minorities who do not share the same norms which leaves them isolated from society and more likely to commit crime.
Interractionist view of ethnic minorities	Phillips & Bowling - "over policed and under protected" labelled by society as criminals and self fulling prophecy happens
Marxist view on ethnic minorities	Reiman - under policed and under punished. Institutional bias in favour of the middle class (selective law enforcement) as EM'S are mainly working class.
Neo-Marxist view on Ethnic minorities	Hall, Moral Panic - escape goats (folk devil) diverts attention from failures in capitalist system. Myth of Black Criminality - politically motivated from instituational and historic racism.
What percentage or unarmed killing were black people?	34% of unarmed murders were black people 2016 despite only 6% of population
What is the percentage of Black British prisoners?	10% only 2.8% of population 2014
What was the rise in the Muslim prison population after 9/11?	(2002) - 7.7% (2015) - 14.4%
Who are more likely to be stopped and searched - black or Asains?	7x black people 3x Asain people Then white counter parts
Pollack argues...?

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Sociology crime and deviance

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