Topic 1 ICT

Frage	Antworten
What is data?	Data is raw facts and figures before they have been processed. Data has no meaning.
What is information?	Information is processed data: Information = data + [structure] + [context] + meaning
What is structure?	Structure is how the data is presented or laid out. Eg.12/10/2014
What is context?	Context indicates the environment in which the data is presented. Eg, UK date
What is meaning?	Meaning is the correct interpretation of the data. Eg,Date of the last day of half term
What is knowledge?	Knowledge can change, it is based on probabilities
What is information?	Information are facts with added meaning, it will not change is based in certainties.
Name some representation methods	• Text • Graphics • Sound • Moving pictures/video • LED
Advantages and disadvantages of text	Clear to understand Detailed BUT Need to be able to read Need to understand the language Can be confusing if sophisticated language is used.
Advantages and disadvantages of Graphics	Multilingual Matches understanding to images – quick way of conveying information Need to be able to see Some symbols may be different in different countries Can be confusing if you don’t know the symbols.
Adv and Disadv of sound	Does not have to be in a fixed position No line o sight required. Sound is distorted in large noisy areas Different nationalities use different sorts of sounds – eg alarms. Need to be able to hear.
Adv and disadv of moving pictures	Lots of information conveyed Not language dependent Can exemplify text Linear – if you do not see the beginning, you may not understand Problems if sound
Adv and disadv of LED	Can be used in noisy places Can allow data to be kept secure Need to be able to see the lights Combination of lights may need to be known to be understood
What is integer?	A whole number
What is real?	A decimal number. Also can be used to hold very large numbers.
What is Boolean?	One of only two values
What is text/string?	Any alphanumeric characters, including text numbers and symbols
What is date/time?	A combination of numbers and letters to convey a date or a time.
What is direct data?	Data which has been collected from an original source and used for the purpose which was originally intended when it was collected.
What is indirect data?	Data used for a different purpose than was originally intended. OR Data which is collected by a different person than those using the data
Advantages of direct data	1.The source and collection method is known and verified 2.The exact data required can be collected 3. Can change the data collected in response to the questions
Disadvantages of direct data	1.May not get a large range of data 2.Data may not be available immediately
advantages of indirect data	1.Large range of data available that could not have been collected directly 2.Data can be available from different location and time 3.Analysis might already have been completed on some of the data
Disadvantages of indirect data	1. Cannot be certain of accuracy of the recording of data 2. May not know when and where the data has been collected
What is static data?	Once created it will not change. Example: book, CD-Rom, catalogue, brochure
What is dynamic data?	Can change and be updated constantly. Example: world wide web.
What is accuracy?	is data error free
What is relevance?	unrelated data should be excluded as unnecessary facts leads to information overload
what is the age?	data needs to be up to date, should not be too old
what is completeness?	all relevant data needed to inform a decision should be included
what is presentation?	format used to display data should be appropriate and aid understanding, eg use graphs?
what is level of detail?	there should not be too few or too many facts and figures but sufficient to help understanding
what is coding?	Original data is stored in a different representation to standardise and organise it. Eg BKTR36 black trousers size 36.
Problems of encoding?	• Value judgements. Where surveys’ ask for views or opinions- eg was a film excellent, good, poor etc - there is no agreed measure of what is ‘good’. One person’s excellent is another’s good. • Users must know the meaning of codes or if code tables are lost, then data cannot be interpreted
Benefits of coding?	• reduces the amount of storage space required, • speeds up data entry • less data entry errors as codes shorter • can validate different parts of the code • since data is highly structured, can organise and graph and search the data.

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