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Beschreibung
Karteikarten von Farha Idrees, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Farha Idrees
vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| define a police state | a state in which the government used the (secret) police to control what people did and what they said- it was a means of keeping control |
| Explain the police force before and after Hitler became Chancellor | before: there was already a police force- but his control of the government and the police was weak after: he set up his own police and security forces (and set up his own police forces- their role to protect and support the Nazi Party |
| Name the 3 main police organisations used by Hitler. | • the SS • the SD • the Gestapo |
| Explain the role of the SS | • original role was to be the Nazi Party's own private police force- it was the SS about Rohm ↓ • the SS soon expanded and grew into a huge organisation with many responsibilities • the main responsibility of the SS to destroy opposition to Nazism and carry out the racial policies of the Nazis • the SS themselves were also expected to marry 'racially pure' wives |
| What were the Gestapo? | • the Gestapo were a secret state police and possibly the most feared by the ordinary German citizen as they could not tell them apart from the other members of the public • they could arrest citizens and send them to concentration camps without trial or even explanation |
| What were the aim of the Gestapo and how did they complete it? | → to identify anyone who criticized or opposed the Nazi government • they spied on people, tapped their phones, and used network informants to identify suspects ↓ • in 1939 alone, 160000 people were arrested for political offence |
| Why were people so scared of the Gestapo? | - People were that scared of the Gestapo that they would inform on each other because of the fear that they would find out anyway - Arguably, fear of Hitler's police forces was even more powerful than the police force themselves |
| Why were concentration camps created? | They were created to cope with the growing no. of people getting arrested, being first made as make-shift prisons in disused factories and warehouses, but they eventually became purpose built, run by the SA + SS |
| What were the prisoners forced to do? | • forced to do hard labor • food was limited • suffered harsh discipline, beatings and random executions |
| Who were the inmates of the prisons? | • 'undesirables', such as prostitutes or undesirables • minority groups, such as Jews, of whom the Nazis disapproved of • political prisoners- people whom the Nazis feared would undermine the control of Germany |
| How far did Hitler succeed? | → He tried to conform everything to Nazi ideas but all areas in which Hitler tried to control Germany, there were some who opposed |
| Germany was becoming a totalitarian state. What does this mean? | a country where the government controlled of the sections of the state including the Reichstag, the NSDAP, the army, the police, and the legal system |
| Why did Hitler think he could control the country through the legal system? | He realised his opponents stood little chance of success if he brought charges against them, and then being in biased trial courts |
| How did Hitler control the judges? | → they had to swear on an oath of loyalty to Hitler → Hitler insisted that all judges must be part of the Nationalist Socialist League for the Maintenance of the Law- they were denied membership of they displeased the Nazis |
| How did Hitler control the law courts? | → He set up a new People's court- the judges for this court were handpicked and trials were held in secret → Hitler also sometimes imposed sentences himself → there was no right to appeal against the verdict of the people's court |
| How did religion clash with Hitler's police state? | The Christian religion preached tolerance, peace and respect for all people, whereas the Nazis glorified strength, violence and taught racial superiority |
| Summarise Hitler's attempt at controlling the church. | At first, Hitler tried to control the Church by reassuring them and encouraging them to work with the Nazi government. However, this did not work for long- soon, he turned the full force of the police state against the Christians. |
| Explain the different views between the Catholics and the Nazis. | → the Catholics owed their allegiance to the Pope, rather than Hitler → Catholics also had their own schools which taught differently to Nazi schools |
| What agreement did Hitler and the Catholics come to? | In July 1933, they reached a concordat (agreement): • he agreed to freedom of worship and promised not to infer with Catholic schools • the Church agreed that priests would not interfere in politics + German bishops would swear loyalty |
| What happened when Hitler did not keep his promise? | • Catholic priests were harassed and arrested, put in concentration camps • Catholic schools were changed to normal or closed • Catholic youth activities were banned |
| What did most Protestants feel about Hitler and give examples. | Some Protestants were grateful for Hitler- they combined their churches to form a single Reich church, and the leader was Ludwig Muller: • pastors were allowed to continue their church services • some even allowed the swastika to be in their churches • the Nazis insisted that Jews should not be part of the Church at all |
| What did others feel about the Nazi state? | Some did not accept the Nazi state and a few spoke out: • the most famous was Pastor Martin Niemoller • he helped set up the Pastors Emergency League (PEL) • but this was quickly banned and Niemoller was sent to a concentration camp |
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