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Chapter 6 - Mood Disorders

Beschreibung

Karteikarten am Chapter 6 - Mood Disorders, erstellt von Diane Nguyen am 20/07/2017.
Diane Nguyen
Karteikarten von Diane Nguyen, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Diane Nguyen
Erstellt von Diane Nguyen vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage Antworten
Major Depressive Episode - extremely depressed mood lasting at least 2 weeks - cognitive symptoms - disturbed physical functioning - anhedonia
Manic Episode - extreme elation, euphoria, and hyperactivity - lasts at least 1 week, impairment
Mania Hallmarks - sexual promiscuity - spending sprees - delusions of grandeur
Mania 'Light' - Hypomanic Episode - period of elevated mood lasting at least 4 days, NOT severe enough to cause impairment in normal functioning
Major Depression - single episode - high unusual - recurrent episodes - more common - grief & depression - should grief be a part of MDD
Dysthymia / Persistent Depressive Disorder - 'milder' than major depression - persists for at least 2 years - no more than 2 months symptom free - related to depression?
Bipolar I - alternations between full manic episodes and depressive episodes
Bipolar II - alternations between major depressive and hypomanic episodes - 10 - 25% of cases progress to bipolar I - key: less severe manic episodes
Mixed Episode - manic and depressive episodes nearly every day for at least 1 week - causes impairment in normal functioning
Cyclothymic Disorder - involves hypomanic episodes along with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode
Prevalence of Mood Disorders - no gender gap in bipolar disorder - as it is genetic
Life Span Developmental Influences on Mood Disorders - often misdiagnosed as ADHD - children were being diagnosed with bipolar at high rates, now 'disruptive mood dysregulation disorder'
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - in majority of menstrual cycles, at least five mood disorder symptoms (feeling suddenly sad or angry) - new to the DSM
Familial and Genetic Influences - family studies: severe mood disorders - genetic contribution - neurotransmitter systems: low levels of serotonin, permissive hypothesis (fall in serotonin causes fall in norepinephrine)
Neurobiological Influences - sleep disturbance - hallmark of most mood disorders - relation between depression and sleep
Psychological Dimensions (Stress) - stressful life events - stress is strongly related to mood disorders - reciprocal-gene environment model: depressed/predisposed - go into environments that may worsen/reinforce the depression (do certain things that end up making it worse)
Psychological Dimensions (Cognitive Theory) - cognitive errors - depressive cognitive triad: think negatively about oneself, think negatively about the world, think negatively about the future
Psychological Dimensions (Learned Helplessness) - learned helplessness theory of depression - lack of perceived control over life events - a depressive attributional style: internal attributions, stable attributions, global attribution
Types of Cognitive Errors - arbitrary inference: overemphasise the negative - overgeneralisation: negatives apply to all situations
Social and Cultural Dimensions - marital dimensions: marital dissatisfaction strongly related to depression, particularly in males - mood disorders in women: 70% of major depression and dysthymia are women, women ruminate more than men - social support predicts onset/recovery from depression
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) - block reuptake of serotonin: Fluoxetine (Prozac) - negative side effects are common
Tricyclic Antidepressants - widely used (eg. Elavil) - block reuptake of norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters
Mixed Reuptake Inhibitors - Venlafaxine (Effexor) - blocks reuptake of norepinephrine as well as serotonin
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors - blocks monoamine oxidase
Lithium - side effects may be severe - why lithium works remains unclear
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) - ECT effective for cases of severe depression - nature of ECT: usually 6-10 outpatient treatments, short-term memory loss
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) -
Psychosocial Treatments - cognitive-behavioral therapy - interpersonal psychotherapy: focuses on problematic interpersonal relationships
Nature of Suicide: Facts & Statistics - 11th leading cause of death in US - males are more successful at committing suicide - females attempt suicide more often
Risk Factors of Suicide - suicide in the family - low serotonin levels - preexisting psychological disorder - alcohol use and abuse - stressful life event - past suicidal behavior
Treatments for Mood Disorders - psychosocial treatments - transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) - electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - lithium - mono oxidase (MAO) inhibitors - mixed reuptake inhibitors - tricyclic antidepressants - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
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