The communication between humans is largely based upon language.
So when you learn a new language it involves many different processes
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The first step is to learn and create a new vocabulary.
You need to have a passive vocabulary.
This means that you have learned a set of words or you are familiar to some words
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In some cases the meaning of the words is not completely known so they avoid using this type of terms in their conversations.
For most of the people their passive vocabulary is larger than their active vocabulary, because their passive vocabulary constantly expand through their lifetime.
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The active vocabulary is the set of words that can be produced when they speak or when they write.