International Baccalaureate Modern History (Russia & The Soviet Union) Flashcards on The Russian Revolutions (1917-1924), created by D D on 12/29/2015.
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Created by D D
almost 9 years ago
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Describe the long-term and short-term causes of the Russian Revolution (1917).
Describe important events during 1917-1918.
Describe the reasons for the success of the Bolshevik coup d'etat in October 1917 ("Weaknesses of Kerensky", "Strengths of the Bolsheviks" and "Other factors").
How did people in Russia react to the declaration of war? Why was St. Petersburg renamed?
"Three interrelating factors... contributing to the last collapse of Tsarist prestige." Describe the first one.
"Three interrelating factors... contributing to the last collapse of Tsarist prestige."
Describe the second one.
"Three interrelating factors... contributing to the last collapse of Tsarist prestige."
Describe the third one.
How did the war affect the army? (Impact of the war is perhaps the most important factor to the revolution).
How did the war affect the daily life of the Russian population?
Account for the strikes between 1910-1914 (up to July) in Russia.
Account for the men mobilized in the army (in millions) between 1914-1917.
What did the Tsar answer to the Progressive Bloc and their demands in 1915?
How did the revolution start (notice the words of the historian Chamberlain)? What can we say about the importance of the army (notice how the difference between 1905 and 1917 is described)?
Why did the Tsar finally abdicate (March 1917)?
The problem was now that Russia had two political bodies which governed the country: the Soviets and the Provisional Government. What was each body responsible for? This has been referred to as "Dual power".
How was the Provisional Government created?
How were the Soviets created?
Which political groups controlled these two bodies?
Name the most important points in the new policy of the government.
What happened in Galicia (Poland) in July 1917?
What happened at Kronstadt in July 1917? (Was it a rising led by the Bolsheviks?)
Account for the Kornilov revolt in August 1917? Why did the Bolsheviks become popular after this revolt?
What was Lenin's contribution before 1917? (Notice what happened in 1903).
When Lenin had returned in April 1917, he found the Bolsheviks in Russia, in a "sad state" - why?
Using your own knowledge of Marxism, can you see any reason for Marxists to support the Provisional Government? (What did Marx think about the historical development?).
In what way did the Germans "support" the Bolsheviks?
Account for Lenin's "April Theses".
What did the Bolshevik leaders do after the July revolt?
How did the support for the Bolsheviks change in 1917? Give some reasons which explain this change.
Describe the October coup. (Both Zinoviev and Kamenev, two famous Bolshevik leaders who helped Stalin later to outmaneuver Trotsky as a successor of Lenin, but were killed by Stalin during the purges, opposed Lenin's plan for a coup in October. What was Lenin's argument for a coup d'état in October?)
What's the main difference between the coup in February and October, 1917?
Who was it formally, according to Lenin, who seized power in October 1917?
The Coup was Lenin's idea, but who was the "director"? Why wasn't it Lenin?
Explain different interpretations about the "main explanation" to the Bolshevik seizure of power.
In October 1917, the communists seized power and Lenin was the new ruler. What problems did they did with?
In the fall (November) of 1917, there were, for the first time, free elections in Russia. What was the result? How did the Bolshevik regime deal with this problem? (Notice: The Constituent Assembly = a parliament was the first and last democratically elected assembly in Russia before the 1990s! They met for two days!)
Define "dictatorship of the proletariat".
What was the CHEKA? What was its aim?
What did the CHEKA do? (From decrees and declarations issued by the new Bolshevik government from November 1917-February 1918).
Account for the founding of the Red Army.
Describe the new Russian or Soviet constitution from July 10, 1918. (From 1919, the country is called the USSR).
What was the "Decree on Peace" and the "Decree on Land"?
Account for the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk from March 1918.
Account for the policy of "War Communism". What was the result?
What three main groups were the Whites composed by? (Russian Civil War, 1918-1922)
How did different nationalist groups respond to the collapse of the central power?
Account for the origin of the Czech Legion.
Describe the situation of the civil war in the summer of 1918.
Account for the reasons for the Bolshevik victory in the civil war.
Provide information about the civil war and the policy of war communism.
What was the "Kronstadt Rebellion"? Why was this very dangerous to the Bolsheviks?
What was the NEP-policy? (Notice how many enterprises that were privately run and how many percent of the workforce who were employed in these firms).
Shortly describe the difference between Lenin and Stalin in terms of thinking.
Account for the result of the NEP.
What happened to Lenin between 1922-1924?
How do many Soviet historians differ both at various times, as well as against Western historians (on the October revolution)?
Why did the Russian civil war (1918-22) START?
In what ways did the West INTERVENE in the Russian civil war?
What can we say about the WHITE FORCES in the Russian civil war?
Why did the BOLSHEVIKS WIN the civil war in Russia?
