What are the levels of Ecology? Select all that apply.
Organism
Population
Individual
Ecosystem
Biosphere
Community
All of these
Global Community
What is a population? Please choose one of the below answers and re-write exactly.
The same species in the same area at the same time. Also, a unit of evolution.
The same species in the same area through evolutionary time. Also, a unit of evolution.
The same species, regardless of geographical location, occurring at the same time. Also, a unit of evolution.
Many species occurring in the same place, at the same time. Also, a unit of evolution.
Why did the Golden Toad go extinct?
The Amphibian decline, which is a consequence of human impact on their natural environment.
The Amphibian decline, which is a consequence of human impact, along with over-population of humans and climate change.
The Amphibian decline, which is a result of pollution, invasive species and habitat loss, largely due to human impact - along with over-population of humans and climate change.
What does "demography" refer to and what are the 3 structures of survivorship?
Demography refers to influences on size and structure of a population (births/deaths, immigration/emmigration) over time. I. Survivorship plummets at young age II. Steady III. Survivorship plummets at old age
Demography refers to influences on size and structure of a population (births/deaths, immigration/emmigration) over time. I. Survivorship plummets at old age II. Steady III. Survivorship plummets at young age
What are examples of the structures of survivorship?
I. Survivorship plummets at old age (humans) II. Steady, specialized predators at each life stage (sea turtles, plants, fish) III. Survivorship plummets at young age (songbirds)
I. Survivorship plummets at old age (humans) II. Steady, specialized predators at each life stage (songbirds) III. Survivorship plummets at young age (sea turtles, plants, fish)
What is the role of a population ecologist?
To choose which ecosystems should be preserved according to their impact on the biosphere.
To choose between the preservation of certain species, depending on their impact on humans.
To provide protection for high survivorship (or "life history") stages of species.
To provide protection for low survivorship (or "life history") stages of species.
To provide protection for low survivorship (or "life history") stages in endangered species.
How are population growth and decline related to the life table of an individual in a population?
A life table of individuals in a population can predict the rates of survivorship and fecundity in a species, determining the average number of female offspring produced by each female and where the species lies on the life history continuum.
A life table of individuals in a population can predict the rates of fecundity in a species, determining the average number of female offspring produced by each female and where the species lies on the life history continuum.
A life table of individuals in a population can predict the rates of survivorship in a species, determining the average number of female offspring produced by each female and where the species lies on the life history continuum.
A life table of individuals in a population can predict the rates of female offspring produced by each female, determining the fecundity and survivorship of the species and where it lies on the life history continuum.
In the case study of Lacerta vivipara, the Netherlands population was the intermediate population as determined by the study in comparison with the populations in France and Austria. What does "intermediate" mean and what did the study prove?
Intermediate refers to the average survivorship and amount of offspring produced. It is proven to be the most adaptive life history trait.
Intermediate refers to average survivorship and fecundity being between the rates in France and Austria. It proves that there are fitness trade offs between survivorship and fecundity of a species.
Intermediate refers to the average amount of female offspring produced, according to rates of survivorship and fecundity, being between those of France and Austria. It proves that intermediate amounts of female offspring produced is the most adaptive life history trait.
Intermediate refers to the rates of survivorship and fecundity being equal in the Netherlands species, allowing the species to live as long as possible while reproducing as much as possible. This is proven to be the most adaptive life history trait.
What's an example for each level of life history (low fecundity/high survivorship, moderate fecundity/moderate survivorship, high fecundity/low survivorship)?
Low fecundity/high survivorship - Elephants Moderate - L. vivipara (Netherlands) High fecundity/low survivorship - Sea turtles
Low fecundity/high survivorship - Sea turtles Moderate - L. vivipara (Netherlands) High fecundity/low survivorship - Elephants
What hypothesis was David Reznick's study testing and what were the experimental and control groups?
Hypothesis: Through evolutionary time, alleles may change in frequency for larger body size/greater age of sexual maturity in guppies of Trinidad. Experimental group: Guppies from upstream (low predation) were placed downstream (high predation). Control: Guppies from downstream (high predation) were placed in a different downstream (high predation) pool.
Hypothesis: Through evolutionary time, alleles may change in frequency for larger body size/greater age of sexual maturity in guppies of Trinidad. Experimental group: Guppies from downstream (high predation) were placed upstream (low predation). Control: Guppies from downstream (high predation) were placed in a different downstream (high predation) pool.
Hypothesis: Through evolutionary time, alleles may change in frequency for larger body size/greater age of sexual maturity in guppies of Trinidad. Experimental group: Guppies from upstream (low predation) were placed in another upstream (low predation) pool. Control: Guppies from downstream (high predation) were placed in an upstream (low predation) pool.
Hypothesis: Through evolutionary time, alleles may change in frequency for larger body size/greater age of sexual maturity in guppies of Trinidad. Experimental group: Guppies from downstream (high predation) were placed upstream (low predation). Control: Guppies from upstream (low predation) were placed in a different upstream (low predation) pool.
