AQA A-Level Biology 3.1.1, 3.1.2 and 3.1.3

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Monomers and Polymers, Carbohydrates and Lipids
Michelle Linda Chancellor
Flashcards by Michelle Linda Chancellor, updated more than 1 year ago
Michelle Linda Chancellor
Created by Michelle Linda Chancellor almost 7 years ago
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Question Answer
What are monomers Small, basic molecular units that make up Polymers
Name 3 Monomers Monosaccharides, Amino Acids and Nucleotides
What are Polymers Large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers
Name 3 examples of Polymers Carbohydrates, Proteins and Nucleic Acids
What 3 elements do all Carbohydrates contain? Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen
What Monomers are Carbohydrates made from? Monosaccharides
Name the 3 monosaccharides Glucose, Fructose and Galactose
How many isomers of glucose are there? 2
Name the 2 isomers of Glucose α-glucose and β-glucose
What are the structures of the 2 isomers of Glucose Enter text here...
What type of reaction joins Monosaccharides together? Condensation reaction
What bond forms between 2 monosaccharides? 1,4-glycosidic bond
What disaccharide forms in a reaction between 2 α-Glucose molecules? Maltose
What disaccharide forms in a reaction between a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule Sucrose
What disaccharide forms between a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule? Lactose
What reaction breaks Polymers? Hydrolysis reaction
What test is used to check for reducing and non-reducing sugars Benedicts test
Which 2 polysaccharides make up Starch? Amylose and Amylopectin
What does Starch store? Excess Glucose
What properties of Starch make it good for Storage? Insoluble in water, and doesn’t affect water potential
What test is used for Starch? Iodine test
Where is Starch found? In plants
What does glycogen store? Excess glucose
What characteristic makes Glycogen good for energy release It has many side branches
What characteristic of Glycogen makes it good for storage It is very compact
What do both Starch and Glycogen contain? α-Glucose
Where is cellulose found Plants
What is cellulose made up of β-glucose
What are cellulose chains linked together by Hydrogen bonds
What do multiple linked chains of cellulose form microfibrils
Name the 2 types of lipid Triglyceride and Phospholipid
What is the structure of a Triglyceride Enter text here...
What reaction forms Triglycerides Condensation reaction
What bonds form between the glycerol and fatty acids Ester bond
What is the structure of phospholipids Enter text here...
What are triglycerides used for Energy Storage Molecules
What makes triglycerides good for energy Storage Their long hydrocarbon tails contain lots of chemical energy, and they’re insoluble so don’t affect water potential
What are phospholipids used for To form cell membrane bilayers
Why do phospholipids make good cell membrane bilayers They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, so they form a double layer with a hydrophobic centre to block water soluble substances from passing through
What test is used to identify lipids The emulsion test
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