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Description
Flashcards by Izzy Noone, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Izzy Noone
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) | Proposed the most well-known version of the Cosmological argument. |
| Summa Theologiae | Aquinas’ book, in which he sets forth the Cosmological argument. |
| Premiss/premise | The starting point, or statement, of a philosophical argument. |
| The Five Ways | Aquinas’ five arguments for the existence of God, the first 3 of which are Cosmological arguments. |
| Prime Mover | Arguably, all change (ie, motion) must have an ultimate cause. This cause is the Prime Mover (ie, God). |
| First Cause | All things are caused by something prior. The “First Cause” is the ultimate thing to every cause can supposedly be traced (ie, God) |
| Contingent | Something whose explanation lies outside itself. It therefore might have existed differently, or not at all. |
| Necessary | Something self-explanatory: it has to exist, and cannot be conceived not to. |
| Tertia Via | Aquinas’ “third way” (of his Five Ways). The Cosmological argument proper. |
| Infinite Regress | When you can keep going back in a series, for ever. If there is an infinite regress of causes, the Cosmological argument must be false. |
| Frederick C. Copleston (1907-1994) | A Jesuit priest and a historian of philosophy who formulated a new version of Aquinas’s Five ways. |
| An in fieri cause | A cause that brings about things that may have full existence long after the cause has disappeared. |
| An in esse cause | A cause that is permanently linked to the thing it is causing. |
| “Brute Fact” | The universe might just be there, and require no explanation. In this case, it would be a “brute fact”. |
| Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) | Argued against the Cosmological argument in a famous radio debate with FC Copleston. |
| Fallacy | A mistaken argument, based on a logical error. |
| Big Bang | An “explosion”, believed to have occurred 13 billion years ago, in which time and space, and the universe, came into being. |
| Singularity | A point of infinite mass and gravity, where time does not exist. The Big Bang is believed to have started from an unstable singularity. |
| David Hume (1711-1776) | Came up with seven rebuttals of the Cosmological argument. |
| The Kalam | An Islamic version of the Cosmological argument, it starts argument from the idea that ‘everything that begins to exist must have a cause’. |
| Al-Kindi (9th C CE) | One of the two proponents of the Kalam argument. |
| Al-Ghazali (1058-1111) | One of the two proponents of the Kalam argument. |
| William Craig Davies (20th C) | A Christian philosopher who supports the Kalam argument. Argues that it shows the universe must have a personal cause. |
| Bill Ramey (20th C) | A philosopher who agrees with William Craig Davies, and uses the analogy of someone striking a match to support his argument. |
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