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| Question | Answer |
| What is the gaseous exchange system in humans? |
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| What are the features of the gaseous exchange system in mammals? | Goblet cells Cilia Elastic fibres Smooth muscle Cartilage |
| What are the functions of goblet cells? | Secretes mucus; this traps microorganisms and dust particles, stopping them from reaching the alveoli |
| What are the functions of cilia? | Hair-like structures that beat the mucus secreted by goblet cells This moves the mucus upwards away from the alveoli towards the throat, where it is swallowed |
| What are the functions of elastic fibres? | Found in the walls of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli They help the process of breathing out. When breathing in, the fibres are stretched. They then recoil to help push the air out when exhaling |
| What are the functions of smooth muscle? | Found in the walls of the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles (except smallest bronchioles) It allows the diameter to be controlled During exercise, the muscle relaxes, making tubes wider (less resistance to airflow) |
| What are the functions of cartilage? | Rings of cartilage provide support It is strong but flexible; it stops the trachea and bronchi collapsing when you breathe in and the pressure drops |
| Describe the distribution of the features of the mammalian gas exchange esystem in the trachea |
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| Describe the distribution of the features of the mammalian gas exchange esystem in the bronchus |
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| Describe the distribution of the features of the mammalian gas exchange esystem in the bronchiole |
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| Describe the distribution of the features of the mammalian gas exchange esystem in the alveolus |
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