12082644
Description
Flashcards by Calli Ware, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Calli Ware
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Chicagos Rapid Growth was due to? | Erie Canal (created ports) Railroads More jobs and movement of goods |
| The Progressives | Rejected the idea that poor people were biologically inferior, rather they were products of their environments |
| The Progressives Believed | Dont fix the people, but fix the enviornment |
| Robert Park | - The growth of cities follows the growth of wildlife - Invasion, conflict, accommodation, assimilation - Natural areas (chinatown, little Italy) - Social processes can be learned through careful study of the city |
| Burgess | - Concentric Zones - 1. Central business district 2. transitional zones 3. working class zone 4. residential zone 5. commuter zone * all cities start at zone 1 and build outwards * |
| Shaw & McKay | * Social Disorganization * - Studied claims of Burgess - Found: Zone II had highest crime rates (when people moved out crime decreased) - Race did not matter - Crime is not innate |
| Three Main Causes of Social Disorganization Theory | 1. Poverty 2. Heterogeneity 3. Physical Dilapidation |
| Do poverty, heterogeneity, and physical dilapidation lead to crime? | - NO! It leads to a breakdown in social order - Crime goes up because peoples commitment to the community goes down |
| Sampson & Groves | - Argued that Burgess model was never truly tested - Communities with strong social ties & informal social control have lower rates of delinquency - Sparse social friendship networks, unsupervised teen groups, low community organization = crime |
| Collective Efficacy | - Moral & social cohesion of a community and their likelihood to intervene with the intention of maintaining public order |
| What is Sutherland's theory called? | * Differential Association * (inspired by Shaw & McKay) - Believed community organization impacted crime |
| Sutherland Differential Association | - Nine points - A person becomes delinquent because of an access of definitions favorable to violation to law over definitions unfavorable to law |
| Sutherland Differential Association | - Happens through direct interaction - Motivation - Techniques |
| Main People in Learning Theory | - Pavlov & Classical Conditioning - Skinner & Operant Conditioning - Aker & Social Learning |
| Pavlov Classical Conditioning | - Assumes animals and people learn through associations between stimuli and responses - Taught a dog to salivate to a bell and meat |
| Skinner Operant Conditioning | - Humans seek out rewards and avoid punishment - The rat in the skinner box |
| Four Main Parts of Skinner's Operant Conditioning | - Positive Reinforcement: Get good for doing good - Negative Reinforcement: Reward good behavior through the absence of punishment - Positive Punishment: Get bad for doing bad - Negative punishment: Lose good for doing bad |
| Akers Social Learning Theory | - An expansion of Sutherland's differential association that also incorporates Skinner's Operant Conditioning |
| Four Main Points of Akers Social Learning Theory | 1. Differential Association - interacting w/ others who are favorable/unfavorable to law 2. Definitions - Meanings one attaches to their behavior 3. Differential Reinforcement: Actual or anticipated consequences of a behavior Imitation: Observing what others do |
| Policy Implications | Learning Theory - Remove offenders from other offenders - Cognitive-behavior therapy - Teaching effective child raising techniques |
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