12112507
Description
Flashcards by Candice Young, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Candice Young
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | unicellular green algae with mitochondria two anterior flagella for motility + mating one chloroplast grows in the dark on an organic carbon source while maintaining a functional photosynthetic apparatus |
| What scientific classification is Chlamydomonas reinhardtii? | Chlorophyta = division Chlorophyceae = class Chlamydomonadales = order Chlamydomonadaceae = family Chlamydomonas = genus reinhardtii = species |
| What type of major division of algae are Chlamydomonas reinhardtii? | Green algae |
| Which general genes of Chlamydomonas are shared with animals but have been lost in angiosperms? | those encoding proteins of the eukaryotic flagellum (or cilium) and the associated basal body (or centriole) |
| how many chromosomes were found in Chlamydomonas? | 17 (in the draft genome) |
| how are ribosomal RNA genes arranged in eukaryotes? | arranged in tandem arrays |
| EST | Expressed Sequence Tags --> used to create protein-coding gene predictions |
| What is strange about the introns of Chlamydomonas? | they are longer than that of many eukaryotes many repeat sequences -> may be subject to creation/invasion by transposable elements! |
| What suggests extensive gene duplications in Chlamydomonas? | Half of the genes of the two-gene families are arranged in tandem |
| What transporters were found in Chlamydomonas? | membrane transporters: ion channels, ATP binding cassettes, some related to flagellar function (redistribute intracellular Ca2+), some substrate specific |
| What did this paper compare the Chlamydomonas proteome to? | The human and Arabidopsis genome --> proteins typically more similar to Arabidopsis with exception in flagellum and basal body proteomes (found in animals but not angiosperms) |
| Where were more homologous proteins found between Chla. and humans and Arabidopsis? | Between Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis but not shared with humans |
| How might there be homologous proteins between Chlamydomonas and angiosperms that are missing from humans? | 1) proteins were present in plant-animal ancestor and retained in Chlamydomonas + angiosperms, but lost in animals 2) horizontally gene transfer into Chlamydomonas 3) arose in the plant lineage after divergence of animals (but before the divergence of Chlamydomonas) |
| How did diatoms, brown algae, and chlorophyll a & c containing algae get their photosynthetic organelles? | through SECONDARY endosymbiosis |
| How did green and red algae get their photosynthetic organelles? | through PRIMARY endosymbiosis |
| What is the GreenCut? | families that: contain Chlamydomonas proteins contain proteins from Ostreococcus, Arabidopsis and moss do NOT contain proteins from nonphotosynthetic organisms |
| What about PlantCut and Diatom Cut? | PlantCut: compare GreenCut proteins to red alga C. merolae --> get a subset of proteins present across the plant kingdom DiatomCut: GreenCut protein families that also included representatives from the diatoms T. pseudonana or P. tricornutum |
| PlastidCut hypothesis | --> protein families present in both the PlantCut and DiatomCut should contain only those GreenCut proteins associated with plastid function |
| How are reactive oxygen species produced by photosynthesis regulated in the cell? | thioredoxins (found in plastids) |
| What is the eye spot in Chlamydomonas? | a structure that senses light and triggers phototactic responses contains pigment granules and thykaloid membrane |
| AKCs | required for eyespot assembly |
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