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Flashcards by Erin Morgan , updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Erin Morgan
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| THE SPINAL CORD: Functions. What are the 3? | 1. sensory and motor innervation 2. provides 2-way conduction pathway 3. major center for reflexes |
| THE SPINAL CORD: location of the spinal cord. What does it run through? Extends from where to where? | - runs through the vertebral canal (dorsal body cavity) - extends from the foramen magnum to about L1 or L2 |
| THE SPINAL CORD: what is the conus medullaris? How is it shaped? | - inferior end of the spinal cord - like a cone |
| THE SPINAL CORD: filum terminale. What is it made of? Where does it go? Attaches to the coccyx where? Made of? | - long filament of connective tissue - goes from conus medullaris to coccyx - attaches inferiorly - made of pia matter (meninges) |
| THE SPINAL CORD: cervical and lumbar enlargements. What comes out? | - nerve for upper and lower limbs come out |
| THE SPINAL CORD: cauda equine. What is it collection of? Where is it located? How are they in spinal cord? | - collection of spinal nerve roots - below conus medullaris - loose |
| THE SPINAL CORD: spinal nerves. What is it? How many pairs? Where do they lie? | - nerves exiting spinal cord - 31 pairs of nerves (8C, 12T, 5L, 5S, 1C - lie in the intervertebral foramen |
| GROSS ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL CORD: 6 contents. | 1. white matter 2. gray matter 3. dorsal root ganglian 4. roots 5. central canal 6. meninges |
| PROTECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD: protected from injury by? | - vertebrae (bone) - meninges - CSF |
| PROTECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD: meninges. Explain dura mater? Arachnoid matter? Pia matter? What type of layer is it? Extends to? Explain denticulate ligamnets? | - a single layer surrounding spinal cord - lies deep to the dura mater - innermost layer - delicate layer of connective tissue - extends to coccyx - lateral extensions of pia mater |
| PROTECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD: CSF. Fills what? Carries what between part of the CNS? Provides _________ cushion? And provides _________? Removes? What is not suppose to be in CSF? | - hollow cavities of the brain & spinal cord - carries chemical signals between parts of the CNS - provides a liquid cushion - provides nourishment - removes waste - cells |
| BASIC PARTS & ORGANIZATIONS OF BRAIN: divided into how many regions? What are those regions? | - 4 regions 1. brain stem 2. cerebellum 3. diencephalon 4. cerebrum |
| VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN: exapansion of? Filled with what and lined with? What are they continuous with? | - expansions of the brain's central cavity - filled with CSF and lines by ependymal cells - continuous with one another and with central canal of SC |
| VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN: lateral ventricles. Located where? What shape? | - located in cerebral hemisphere - horseshoe-shaped |
| VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN: third ventricles. Lies where? Connected with? What does cerebral aqueduct connect? | - lies in diencephalon - connected with lateral ventricles by interventricular foramen - cerebral aqueduct= connects 3rd and 4th ventricles |
| VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN: forth ventricle. Lies where? Connects what of the spinal cord? | - lies in hindbrain - connects to the central canal of the spinal cord |
| See prior pic. | |
| THE BRAIN STEM: what part of the brain is it? What does caudal mean? What are the three major regions? | - most caudal part of brain - caudal= tail-like 1. medulla oblongata 2. pons 3. midbrain |
| THE BRAIN STEM: functions. Passageway for fiber tracts between? Innervation of? Produces what? Integrates? | - passageway of fiber tracts between cerebrum and SC - innervation of face and head (10 out of 12 CN) - produces automatic behaviors for survival - integrates auditory and visual reflexes |
| THE BRAIN STEM: Medulla Oblongata. Continuous with what at where? What CN? Describe pyramids? Points of decussation? | - continuous with spinal cord at foramen magnum - CN IX, X, XI, XII - pyramids= ridges on ventral side of medulla - points of decussation= cross over to opposite side of body |
| Medulla Oblongata: functions. What are the three things it regulates? | 1. heart beat and rate (cardiac center) 2. blood pressure (vasomotor center) 3. rhythm and rate of breathing (respiratory center) |
| THE BRAIN STEM: Pons. A "bridge" between what? How is it separated? From where? What CN? | - between the midbrain and medulla oblongata - dorsally separated from cerebellum by 4th ventricle - CN V. VI, VII, VIII |
| THE PONS: Functions. What does it control inputs for? What does it regulate? (there are 8) | - respiration and bladder control inputs 1. hearing 2. facial sensations 3. taste 4. saliva 5. tears 6. facial expression 7. equilibrium 8. eye movement |
| THE BRAIN STEM: Midbrain. Where does it lie? | - between the diencephalon and the pons |
| THE BRAIN STEM: Midbrain- Cerebral Aqueduct. What cavity is it? What is another name for "roof"? What type of attachment? | - central cavity - "roof"= tectum - cerebral attachment (peduncles) |
| THE BRAIN STEM: Midbrain- Periaqueductal Gray Matter. Surrounds what? What type of reaction does it produce? Mediates what? | - surrounds the cerebral aqueduct - flight-or-fight reaction - mediates response to visceral pain |
| THE BRAIN STEM: Midbrain- Substantia Nigra. Works with? Sends what? Controls what? Sickness and 1 s/s? | - works with basal nuclei of the cerebrum - sends inhibitory signals - controls unwanted muscle movement - Parkinson's Disease and resting tremors |
| THE BRAIN STEM: Midbrain- Red Nucleus. What type of function? What type of movements of limbs? | - minor motor function - flexion movement of limbs |
| THE BRAIN STEM: Midbrain- Corpora Quadrigemina. Explain superior colliculi? Explain inferior colliculi? | - superior= visual reflexes - inferior= auditory reflexes |
| See prior pic. | |
| THE CEREBELLUM: functions. What does it do for body movements? Helps with? Receives? | - smoothes and coordinates body movements - helps with posture & equilibrium - receives input from other regions of the brain |
| THE CEREBELLUM: structure. There are 7 parts. | 1. anterior lobe 2. posterior lobe 3. f.n. lobe 4. folia 5. fissures 6. arbor vitae 7. vermis |
| See prior pic. | |
| THE DIENCEPHALON: Thalamus. Makes up how much of the Diencephalon? What type of area? Acts as? Surrounds what? | - 80% - sensory routing area - act as a relay station for incoming sensory message - surrounds 3rd ventricle |
| THE DIENCEPHALON: Hypothalamus. Where is it located? | - inferior portion of diencephalon |
| THE DIENCEPHALON: Hypothalamus. Controls what? What type of regulation? Intake of what? What type of rhythms? What type of secretions? What type of responses? What type of behavior? What type of formation? | - control of the ANS - thermoregulation - food and water intake - sleep and circadian rhythms - hormone secretion - emotional responses - motivational behavoir - memory formation |
| THE DIENCEPHALON: Epithalamus. What part of diencephalon? Forms what? Pineal gland secretes what? | - most dorsal part of diencephalon - forms part of roof of 3rd ventricle - secreates meatonin |
| See prior pic. |
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