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| Question | Answer |
| Operant Conditioning | A learning process which the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated is determined by the consequences of that behaviour |
| Operant Reinforcer | Any event that follows a response and increases the probability of the response being repeated (or strengthened) |
| Positive Reinforcement | When a pleasant or desirable event follows a response and generally increases or strengthens the likelihood of that response occurring again |
| Negative Reinforcement | When a response removes, reduces or prevents an unpleasant stimulus and creates a positive consequence; it increases or strengthens the likelihood of the response occurring again |
| Continuous Reinforcement | A schedule of reinforcement where a reinforcer follows every correct response |
| Partial Reinforcement | A schedule of reinforcement where a reinforcer follows only some (not all) correct responses |
| Fixed Ratio | A type of partial reinforcement where a set of correct responses must be made before obtaining reinforcement |
| Variable Ratio | A type of partial reinforcement where a varied number of correct responses must be made before receiving reinforcement |
| Variable Interval | A type of partial reinforcement where a reinforcer is only given for the first correct response after a varied amount of time |
| Punishment | Any event following a response that decreases the likelihood of the response occurring again because it introduces an unpleasant stimulus |
| Punisher | Any unpleasant stimulus that reduces the likelihood of an unwanted behaviour occurring again |
| Operant Extinction | When the learnt response gradually decreases in strength or rate of response after reinforcement stops |
| Operant Spontaneous Recovery | The reappearance of a previously reinforced response after a period of apparent extinction |
| Operant Stimulus Discrimination | The ability to differentiate between stimuli similar to the stimuli that signal reinforcement and non-reinforcement |
| Operant Stimulus Generalisation | The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to stimuli that precede operant reinforcement |
| Shaping | An operant training technique that involves reinforcing successive responses that closely resemble or progress |
| Primary Reinforcer | A natural, non-learnt reinforcer that produces comfort, ends discomfort, or fills an immediate need |
| Secondary Reinforcer | A reinforcer that has no value of its own but can be exchanged for a primary reinforcer that does have value |
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