13044140
Description
Flashcards by Mrs Z Rourke, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mrs Z Rourke
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the name given to harmful micro-organisms? | Pathogens |
| What are the four types of pathogens? | Bacteria Viruses Protists Fungi |
| What are the main parts of a bacterial cell? | |
| What are the main parts of a virus? |
Image:
Virus (binary/octet-stream)
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| How can bacteria, fungi and viruses be spread? | • contact, • aerosol, • body fluids, • water, • insects, • contaminated food. |
| What are the three body defences against infection? | 1. The skin stops microbes getting into the body. 2. Platelets stop microbes getting into the body through a cut. 3. White blood cells defend against microbes that are inside the body. |
| What are the 2 types of white blood cells? | Phagocytes and lymphocytes |
| How do phagocytes work to defend the body? | |
| How do lymphocytes work to defend the body? | |
| What is an antigen? | A molecule that is recognised by the immune system |
| What are antibodies? | Antibodies are specific to the antigen that is present. They neutralise the pathogen with the antigen. |
| What is a vaccination? | A vaccine introduces a small amount of dead or inactive pathogens into the body causing an immune response. |
| After an antigen from a pathogen has been encountered, what does the body create for the future? | Memory cells |
| Why are memory cells important? | If the pathogen enters the body in the future, the immune response will be much quicker |
| What are antibiotics? | Antibiotics help to cure bacterial disease by killing the infecting bacteria or preventing their growth but do not kill viruses |
| How are antibiotics produced? | Antibiotics, including penicillin, were originally medicines produced by living organisms, such as fungi. Antibiotics are now often chemically modified and so are semi-synthetic or synthetic. |
| How have some bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? | Due to overuse of antibiotics (refer to natural selection) |
| How can MRSA be controlled? | MRSA control measures could include: • hand washing • thorough cleaning of hospital wards • use of alcohol gels • MRSA screening |
| Why is large scale, vigorous testing required for new drug treatments? | All drugs may have side effects. New drugs, including medicinal drugs, may cause side effects that do not show up until lots of people use them. |
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