Cell Signalling I

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Flashcards on Cell Signalling I, created by J yadonknow on 31/03/2018.
J yadonknow
Flashcards by J yadonknow, updated more than 1 year ago
J yadonknow
Created by J yadonknow over 6 years ago
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Question Answer
Intercellular communcation Para/auto/endo/juxtacrine
Paracrine Signal affects close prox. cells Lim travel
Autocrine Sender+target same cell type of paracrine
Endocrine Usually acts on distant cells can affect nearby hormones
Juxtacrine Signalling cell in direct contact / target cell Gap junction connexons OR signalling protein on cell surface one cell physically interacts w/ receptor of other
Cell influence response 1) Reg its R # 2) Synth. dif. isoforms of R 3) Most ligands are hydrophilic, can't pass through LBL, don't cause a response.
Cell signalling for cell surface R's (9) 1. Pack+synth of sig mol. into IC vesicles. 2. Release into EC space by exo 3. Transport to R 4. Binding of sig to spec. cell surf R, induces conf. Δ+ activation. 5. +R then + dwnstream sig transduct. pro/2' mess. 6. Leads to + of E protein(s) 7a. Short-term Δ 7b. Long-term Δ (gene expression) 8. Term of response by - FDBCK from IC sig mol. 9. Removal of EC signal
Modification of proteins for signal transduction Protein cov. mod by +Pi +Pi usually induces confo Δ +Pi added from ATP by PK -Pi by phosphatase
How is this tightly regulated? Opportunity to amplify/regulate and control pathway at every level
Termination of Signal (3) Eliminate EC ligand Deactivate signal transduction proteins Remove +R from PCM via Endocytosis
Eliminate EC ligand enzymatic degradation
Deactivate signal transduction proteins -Pi by phosphatases
Remove +R from PCM via Endocytosis R+L internalised Either: Seperated, R recycled, L destroyed OR: Both destroyed
Natural endogenous kinases (3) Hormones Cytokines Growth Factor
Epinephrine/histamine are Small H2O soluble molecules
Prostaglandins are lipophilic molecules
Glucagon and insulin are H2O soluble peptide hormones
Hormones detected by IC R Lipophobic like steroids
Cytokines are Peptides of varying sizes
3 Examples IITNF e.g. Interleukins/interferons/tumour necrosis factor
What's their function Co-ordination of the immune system
Growth factors are Peptides of varying sizes
What type of signalling do they employ? Para/autocrine signalling
What's their function? Regulates growth+differentiation
Agonist Bind and + R, inducing signal + bioresponse
Antagonists Binds R, doesn't induce signalling
Degrees of agonist action Full/partial leads to full/partial activation
Factors of drug action (2) Affinity Intrinsic action
What is affinity? ability of drug to bind to specific R
What is their intrinsic action? inherent ability to induce bio signalling
What does a value of 1 mean? 1= how well natural ligand works, the benchmark
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