13375904
Description
Flashcards by Diamond Sapphire, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Diamond Sapphire
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| innate defense (specific or nonspecific?) | nonspecific |
| adaptive defense (specific or nonspecific?) | specific |
| "non self" molecules | Antigens (Ag) |
| Ag: usually large and ___ to the body | foreign |
| ___ immunity: uses___ produced by the B cells | Humoral Antibodies |
| ___-____ immunity: uses T cells | cell-mediated |
| activation of innate immunity triggered by ____ | PAMPs (Pathogen-associated molecular patterns) |
| LPS from gram ____ bacteria cell membrane | negative |
| _____ from gram positive bacteria cell wall | peptidoglycan |
| How do immune cells recognize PAMPs? | TLRs (toll-like receptors) |
| PAMP-TLR complex eventually leads to ___ | inflammation |
| inflammation initiates ____ phagocytosis by blood phagocytes | nonspecific |
| 4 main characteristics of inflammation | pain, redness, swelling, warmth |
| to initiate inflammation, cytokines activate ___ cells near the damaged area | mast |
| mast cells release ____ which ____ blood vessels and ___ cell membrane permeability | histamine dilates increases |
| another word for extravasation | diapedesis |
| chemotaxis: recruits _____ (in the blood) which become ____ in the tissue | monocytes macrophages |
| cytokines induce _____ of bronchi and bronchioles for protection | constriction |
| Phagocytosis: degradation of bacteria by ___ | macrophages |
| tissue damage--> expressed _____--> leads to ____-->inflammation | DAMPs innate immunity |
| macrophages responsible for pus formation | neutrophils |
| order of phagocytes to arrive at site of infection | 1=neutrophils 2=monocytes/macrophages 3= T lymphocytes for specific immunity |
| body temperature regulated by the ___ | hypothalamus |
| 3 ways to induce fever | LPS Interleukins (IL) cytokines alter the set point |
| 3 effects of fever | nonspecific decrease in bacteria increase in neutrophil activity increase in interferon production |
| interferons are ____ produced by cells with a ___ that offer short-term, ____ resistance to viral infection | polypeptides virus non-specific |
| main effect of interferons | increase overall immune activities |
| B cells: named after ___ of Fabricius | bursa |
| b cells= ____ cells and plasma cells | memory |
| t cells= of ___ origin | thymus |
| HIV virus attacks _____ t cells | helper |
| B cells= Ab _____ expansion of B cell ___->progeny become memory or plasma cells | receptors clones |
| ___ cells=factory | plasma |
| Ab structure: 2 ___ chains and 2 ____ chains each chain contains ___ (Fc) and ___ (Fab) fragments | heavy light constant variable |
| 3 Ab classifications | IgG=main in circulation IgA=main in external secretions in mucosal area IgE=allergic symptoms |
| 3 main T-cells | Killer Helper Suppressor |
| Killer (____) T cells: secrete ____ (leads to lysis) and _____(destroys victim's DNA) | cytotoxic perforins granzymes |
| Helper T cells: increase responses of ___ and ____ cells | Killer T cells B |
| Suppressor T cells: protect against ____ responses | autoimmune |
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