14053087
Description
Flashcards by Jennifer Huber, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jennifer Huber
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Antiseptic | kills and inhibits organisms on body |
| Disinfectant | Kills and inhibits organisms on inanimate objects |
| Sterilization | all organisms killed |
| Common Antiseptics in surgery | Iodophors (Betadine) Chlorhexidine Gluconate (Hibiclens) |
| Iodophors (Betadine) | Good for GPCs and GNRs poor for fungi |
| Chlorhexidine gluconate (Hibiclens) | good for GPCs, GNRs and Fungi |
| Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis | penicillins cephalosporins carbapenems |
| Antibiotics that are inhibitors of 30s ribosome and protein synthesis | Tetracycline Aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin) Linezolid |
| Antibiotics inhibitors of 50s ribosome and protein synthesis | Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Synercid |
| Antibiotic that is an inhibitor of DNA helicase (DNA gyrase) | quinolones |
| Antibiotic that is an inhibitor of RNA polymerase | Rifampin |
| MoA of Flagyl | Produces oxygen radicals that break up DNA |
| MoA of Sulfonamides | PABA analogue, inhibits purine synthesis |
| MoA for Trimethoprim | inhibits dihydrofolate reductase inhibits purine synthesis |
| Bacteriostatic antibiotics | tetracycline, clindamycin, erythromycin and bactrim |
| Aminoglycoside | have irreversible binding to ribosome and are considered bactericidal |
| Mechanism of antibiotic resistance of Penicillins | plasmids for beta-lactamase |
| Most common method of antibiotic resistance | transfer of plasmids |
| How did MRSA develop its resistance? | mutation of cell wall binding protein |
| How VRE developed resistance | resistance caused by mutation in cell wall binding protein |
| how bugs develop gentamicin resistance | modifying enzymes leading to decrease in active transport of gentamicin into the bacteria |
| Vancomycin Peak Trough | Peak: 20-40mcg/mL Trough: 6-10mcg/mL |
| Gentamicin Peak + Trough | Peak: 6-10mcg/mL Trough: <1mcg/mL |
| What to do if antibiotic peak too high | decrease amount of each dose |
| What to do if antibiotic trough too high | decrease frequency of doses (increase time interval between doses) |
| Bugs PCN kills | streptococci, syphilis, N. meningitidis, C. perfringens, beta-hemolytic strep, Anthrax |
| Bugs PCN is not effective against | Staphylococcus or Enterococcus |
| Name 3 anti-staph penicillins | Oxacillin, Methacillin, Nafcillin |
| Ampicillin + Amoxicillin kills which bugs | Same as PCN and Enterococci |
| What is Unasyn? | Ampicillin/Sulbactam Broad spectrum Picks up GPCs (staph/strep) GNR, +/- anaerobes, enterococci |
| What is Augmentin? | Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid Broad spectrum Picks up GPCs (staph/strep) GNR, +/- anaerobes, enterococci |
| Anti-pseudomonal penicillins and their side-effects | Ticarcillin and Piperacillin s/e: inhibits platelets, high salt load |
| What is Timentin? | Ticarcillin/Clavulanic Acid Broad Spectrum Staph, strep, GNRs, Anaerobes Enterococci, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter Serratia |
| What is Zosyn? | Piperacillin/Tazobactam Broad Spectrum Staph, strep, GNRs, Anaerobes Enterococci, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter Serratia |
| Side effects of Zosyn and Timentin | inhibits platelets; high salt load |
| What are 1st Generation Cephalosporins? | Cefazolin, Cephalexin Staph and Strep Does not penetrate CNS |
| What are 2nd Generation Cephalosporins? | Cefoxitin, Cefotetan GPCs, GNRs, +/- anaerobic community acquired GNRs |
| What are 3rd Generation Cephalosporins? | Ceftriaxone, Cefepime GNRs mostly, +/- anaerobic coverage |
| s/e of 3rd generation cephalosporins | cholestatic jaundice (ceftriaxone causes sludging in GB) |
| Monobactam | Aztreonam GNRs; pseudomonas, acinetobacter, Serratia |
| Carbapenems | Meropenem, Imipenem given with Cilastatin GPCs, GNRs, anaerobes |
| How Cilastatin helps with Carbapenems? | prevents renal hydrolysis of the drugs and increases half-life |
| Side Effects of Carbapenems | Seizures |
| What is Bactrim? | Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole GNRs +/- GPCs |
| Side effects of bactrim | teratogenic, allergic rxn, renal damage, SJS, erythema multiforme, hemolysis in G6PD-deficienct pts |
| Quinolones & side effects | Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Norfloxacin Some GPCs, Mostly GNRs Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia s/e: tendon rupture |
| Aminoglycosides & side effects | Gentamicin, Tobramycin GNRs, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia s/e: nephrotoxicity, irreversible ototoxicity |
| Erythromycin | Macrolide GPCs, best for CAP and atypical pneumonia binds motilin receptor, prokinetic |
| Side effects or erythromycin | PO: Nausea IV: cholestasis |
| Vancomycin & side effects | Glycopeptide GPCs, Enterococcus, C. diff, MRSA Binds Cell Wall Proteins s/e: HTN, Redman Syndrome, Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity |
| Synercid | Streptogramin - Quinupristin - Dalfopristin GPCs including MRSA, VRE |
| Linezolid | Oxazolidinones GPCs; includes MRSA, VRE |
| Tetracycline and s/e | GPCs, GNRs, Syphilis s/e: tooth discoloration in children |
| Clindamycin &side effects | Anaerobes, some GPCs good for aspiration pneumonia tx: C. perfringens s/e: pseudomembranous colitis |
| Side effects of Flagyl | disulfram-like reaction peripheral neuropathy |
| MoA of Amphotericin | antifungal binds ergosterols in wall an alters membrane permeability |
| Side effects of Amphotericin | Nephrotoxic, fever, hypokalemia, HoTN, anemia (liposomal type has fewer side effects) |
| MoA of Voriconazole | antifungal inhibits ergosterol synthesis |
| MoA of Anidulafungin, Micafungin, Caspofungin | inhibit synthesis of cell wall glucan |
| Which antifungal medication should you use when patient is on prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotics and have a fever | Anidulafungin (or other -fungin) |
| Medication for invasive aspergillosis | Voriconazole |
| Drug for Candidemia | Anidulafungin (or other fungin drug) |
| Medication for fungal sepsis other than candida and aspergillus | Liposomal Amphotericin |
| 4 Antituberculosis Drugs | Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol |
| MoA and side effects of Isoniazid | inhibits mycolic aicds s/e: hepatotoxicity, B6 deficiency |
| MoA and s/e of Rifampin | inhibits RNA polymerase s/e: hepatotoxicity, GI symptoms high rate of resistance |
| S/e of Pyrazinamide | hepatotoxicity |
| Side effect of Ethambutol | retrobulbar neuritis |
| Acyclovir | inhibits viral DNA polymerase used for HSV, EBV |
| Ganciclovir & side effects | inhibits viral DNA polymerase used for CMV decreased BM, CNS toxicity |
| Medications effective against Enterococcus | ampicillin/amoxicillin vancomycin, Timetin/Zosyn |
| Medications effective for VRE | Synercid, Linezolid |
| Medications effective fr Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Serratia | Ticarcillin/piperacillin Timentin/Zosyn, 3rd generation cephalosporin, gentamicin, tobrymycin, meropenem/imipenem, or fluoroquinolone |
| Medications effective for MRSA | Vancomycin, Synercid, Linezolid |
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