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| Question | Answer |
| Nervous System appearance on cells? | - Small - Packed tightly - Consistency of jelly |
| Highlighting Individual Cells (brian) | Remove most of the water = firm (by soaking in formaldehyde) Sliced thinly Stained with various dyes that either colour the cells completely or some of the cells components When viewed through a microscope, individual cells can be seen CULTURING CELLS: living cells can be viewed and studied in a more-realistic setting |
| Structure of a Neuron | Core Region (Soma - cell body) Branching: Dendrites Main Root: Axon The human nervous system contains about 100 billion neurons |
| How does the Nervous System work | Neuron acquire information from sensory receptors, pass that information to other neuron, and make muscles move to produce behaviours. They encode memories and produce our thoughts and emotions, At the same time, the regulate all he many body processes to which we seldom give thought. |
| Cell Body (Soma) | Core Region of the cell containing the nucleus and other organelles for making protiens |
| Dendrite | Branching extension of a neuron's cell membrane and greatly increases the surface area of the cell and collects information from other cells |
| Axon | "Root" or single fibre, of a neuron that carries messages to other neurons |
| Dendritic Spine | Protrusion from a dendrite that greatly increases the dendrite's surface area and is the usual point of dendritic contact with the axons of other cells |
| Axon Hillock | Juncture of Soma and axon where the action potential begins |
| Axon Collateral | Branch of an axon |
| Terminal Button (end foot) | Knob at the tip of an axon that conveys information to other neurons |
| Synapse | Junction between one neuron and another neuron, usually between an end foot of the axon of one neuron and a dendritic spine of the other neuron |
| What are the 3 types of Neuron? | Sensory Interneurons Motor |
| What are Sensory Neurons? | Simplest neurons (designed to bring information to the brain from sensory receptors) EG. Bipolar Neuron in the retina of the eye (has a short dendrite on one side of its cell body and a single short axon on the other side.) Bipolar Neurons transmit sensory information from the retinas light receptors to the neurons that carry information into the visual centres of the brain |
| What's an Interneuron? | Designed to associate sensory and motor activity in the CNS Branch extensively; better to collect information from the retina light receptors to the neurons that carry information into the visual centres of the brain. |
| What's a Motor Neuron? | Used to collect information form many sources Have extensive networks of dendrites, large cell bodies, and long axons that connect muscles [[A specific association cell - called STELLATE // A PYRAMIDAL CELL is a distinctive output with extremely branched dendrites forming a fan shape // A PURKINJE]] |
| Neural Connections | 'Networkers' to produce behaviour Neurons that project for long distances, such as somatosensory neurons, pyramidal neurons with large cell bodies have extensions that are very long Neurons with small cell bodies, such as a stellate have short extensions |
| Neural Excitation | Turns neurons off |
| Neural Inhibition | Turns neurons off |
| Five types of Gilal cells | - Ependymal Cell - Astrocyte - Microgilal cell - Oligodendroglial Cell - Schwann Cell |
| Ependymal Cell | - Small, Ovid; secretes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - CSF is constantle being formed and flows through the ventricles towards the base of the brain, where it is absorbed into the blood vessels, CSF serves several purposes (acting as a shock absorber when brain is jarred) - As CSF flows through the ventricles, it passes through some narrow passages from the Cerebral Aqueduct into the fourth ventricle, which runs through the brain stem |
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