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| Question | Answer |
| The Psychodynamic Approach (AO1) | The Psychosexual Stages - 5 different stages: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital. |
| Oral: mouth - satisfaction gained from putting things in the mouth so feeding is very important. If healthy resolution of the stage is achieved then they'll be trusting, able to give and recieve affection and form healthy relationships. | Under- gratification: aggressive and mistrustful, seeks oral gratification from smoking or eating when stressed. Over-gratification: over-dependant on others, gullible and sycophantic |
| Anal: pleasure gained from bowel movements. Conflict arises when parents demand child learns to use the potty. If healthy resolution of the stage is achieved then, the person is able to deal with authority figures appropriately | Under-gratification: obsessed with cleanliness and order, difficulty expressing emotions. Over-gratification: messy, disorganised, lack of respect for authority figures. |
| Phallic: Genitals - the child has unconscious sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent and fears punishment form the same-sex parent for those desires. This causes conflict. (Oedipus and Electra complex) | If the conflict of the unconscious sexual desires for the opposite sex parent and fear of the same-sex parent is not resolved, the individual may have problems with sex and their own sexual identity in the future. Freud also believed that the unresolved conflict could also lead to homosexuality. |
| Latency: This is a period of consolidation and rest. | Sexuality lies dormant and the child is busy learning their gender roles, social rules and developing self-confidence. |
| Genital: genitals- the individual becomes interested in the opposite sex and if there is a healthy resolution of this stage then the individual becomes a well- adjusted adult. | If fixations have formed in the first five years they begin to emerge and exert their influence on personality. |
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