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Description
Flashcards by michellelynnlebl, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by michellelynnlebl
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| System Organization | Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems |
| Cell theory (3 points) | All living organisms are made of cells Smallest unit of life All cells come from pre-existing cells |
| Eukaryotic cells : what do they make up? what are they not? what are some examples of eukaryotic cells? what is their size compared to prokaryotes? | • Eukaryotic cells make up all eukaryotic organisms. • Eukaryotic = all organisms that are not bacteria (bacteria is prokaryotic|) • Eukaryotic includes plants, animals, fungi, etc. • Usually magnitude 10 larger than eukaryotic cells, contain more info, etc. nucleus |
| Endosymbiotic theory | • States that eukaryotic cells came about as a result of different types of prokaryotic cells entering into symbiotic or endosymbiotic relationships. |
| What are organelles? | A bunch of subcellular structures that each have a unique function that keep the cell healthy |
| Organelle : Nucleus (4) what does it house? what does it serve as? surrounded by what? studded with what which does what? | • Houses DNA (which has instructions for proteins) • Serves as control system (can get hijacked by viruses) • Surrounded by two membranes that form the nuclear envelope. • Nuclear envelope is studded with nuclear pores which regulate traffic in and out of nucleus. |
| Organelle : Cytosol what is it and what does it contain? | • Watery matrix between nucleus and outer cell boundary (contains salts and necessary enzymes) |
| What does the cytoplasm include? | • Includes cytosol and organelles |
| Organelle: Mitochondria. What does it do? What is it surrounded by, separated by and what does that do? | • Manufactures cellular energy • Surrounded by inner and outer membranes separated by intermembrane space (this carries proteins involved in ATP production) |
| What is matrix the site of? | Matrix is the site of reactions that releases energy from nutrients. |
| Organelle : Lysosomes (3) involved in what? what do they degrade? what do they engulf? | • Involved in energy release from nutrients • Are membrane-enclosed sacs of enzymes which degrade carbs, fats and proteins. • Roam around cell and engulf nutrients and dead and dying organelles; recyclers. |
| Organelle : Ribosomes What join here to form what? WHere are they constructed? Where do they float or attach to? | • Sites where amino acids are joined to form proteins. • Constructed in the nucleus and shipped to the cytosol via nuclear pores. • Found free floating in the cytosol or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Where are proteins produced and what they the basis of? | Ribosomes Proteins form the basis of some phenotypes |
| What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? WHat is it involved in? What is it called when there are ribosomes attached? When there's not? | • A network of membranes running from the nuclear envelope into cytosol • ER with ribosomes attached = rough ER • ER without = Smooth ER • ER is involved with detoxifying harmful substances and synthesizing lipids |
| What is the Golgi apparatus and what is it's function? | • A stack of membranous sacs • It packages and labels items (proteins) which it then sends to different parts of the cell. |
| What is the cytoskeleton and what does it help maintain? | • A network of filaments and tubules composed of proteins • Helps a cell maintain its shape and move |
| What is the plasma membrane? What does it do? What does it serve a barrier as? Is it permeable or semi-permeable? | • The outermost boundary of a cell • Isolates the cell’s contents from the environment • Serves as a barrier that determines which substances enter and the leave the cell • Semi-permeable |
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