16055401
Description
Flashcards by Chanelle Titchener, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Chanelle Titchener
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Caregiver-Infant Interactions | - Reciprocity - Interactional Synchrony |
| Reciprocity | - Research in the 70's demonstrated that infants coordinate their actions with caregivers - taking in turns to act - Brazelton (1979) suggested that a basic rhythm is important for later communications - The regularity of the infant's actions allow the caregiver to anticipate and react appropriately |
| Interactional Synchrony | - Meltzoff and Moore (1977) found that infants as young as 2-3 weeks old imitated specific facial and hand gestures - Infant with dummy + shown gestures - Infant without dummy + shown gestures - Meltzoff and Moore (1983) demonstrated the same synchrony in infants aged 3 days - Behavioural response must be innate |
| Real of Pseudo-imitation? | - Meltzoff and Moore-imitation is deliberate - Piaget (1962) believed that true imitation develops later on in the first year and anything before was "response training" > Behaviour is rewarded (operant conditioning) > Murray et al (1985) - infant elicits a response from the caregiver |
| Evaluation | Problems with testing on infants > Infant's mouths are constantly moving and the expressions tested occurred frequently > Had another observer judging the behaviour - increased internal validity |
| Evaluation | Failure to replicate > Koepke et al (1983) failed to replicate - Meltzoff and Moore argued that the study was less controlled > Marian et al (1996) replicated the Murray study - suggesting infants couldn't distinguish between a video and live actions |
| Evaluation | Is behaviour intentional? > Testing using inanimate objects to observe infant behaviour when interacting with 2 objects - tongue movement and mouth movement > Abravanel and DeYong (1991) - infants aged 5-12 weeks made little response to objects: social response to humans |
| Evaluation | Individual differences > The stronger the attachment between infant and caregiver = stronger interactional synchrony > Increased imitation from birth = better quality relationships at 3 months - Unclear if imitation is a cause or effect of early synchrony |
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