1615008
Description
Flashcards by Phoebe Ngu, updated more than 1 year ago
|
|
Created by Phoebe Ngu
almost 10 years ago
|
|
| Question | Answer |
| Kinetic energy | The energy possessed by moving bodies |
| Potential energy | Stored energy |
| Electrical energy | Energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor |
| Nuclear energy | Energy stored at the centre of atoms, the tiny particles that make up all substances (e.g. sun) |
| Heat energy | Energy that comes from the temperature of matter (e.g. heater) |
| Sound energy | All sounds are caused by vibrations (e.g. drums, music) |
| Light energy | Energy that can be seen (e.g. light from light bulb) |
| Gravitational potential energy | Energy stored due to the height of an object above a base level (e.g. a ball held above my head) |
| Chemical potential energy | Potential energy that comes from chemical reactions (e.g. batteries) |
| Elastic potential energy | Potential energy stored in a stretched elastic material (e.g. stretched elastic band) |
| Flow diagrams to illustrate changes between different forms of energy | |
| Law of conservations | Total energy is maintained in energy transformations |
| Energy conservations example | On a pool table there is a cue ball and an 8 ball, if the cue ball is shot at the 8 ball, the 8 ball starts moving after the collision, but the cue ball would slow down or stop moving. The Law of Conservation of energy says that energy cannot be created, this means that the 8 ball has took the energy from the cue ball. |
| Energy conversions | Energy conversions are inefficient and lead to the production of heat energy |
| Calculation of energy efficiency | Energy output/energy input x 100 |
| Conduction in solids | |
| Convection in fluids | |
| Radiation | A method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat from one place to another. Directly goes to the object |
| Transmission, absorption and reflection of radiation | |
| Everyday applications and consequences of conduction, convection and radiation | Conduction: application = Using an iron, consequences = a spoon gets hot after being left in a hot bowl of soup Convection: application = A heater heating up the room, consequences = it would be warmer above near the ceiling Radiation: application = Heat from the sun, consequences = Light bulb is hot, when you put your hand close to it |
| Luminous | Releasing its own light (e.g. sun, candle, light bulb, lantern, torch) |
| Non-luminous | Describes objects that do not emit their own light, but can be seen by reflected light (e.g. moon, mirrors, earth) |
| Incandescent light | Works by heating up a small wire called a filament. Electric current heats the filament so much that it glows. 90& of the energy used is converted to heat. 10% efficiency |
| Fluorescent light | Doesn't use as much energy as incandescent light. They use most of the energy to generate light not heat. Can last longer and uses less electricity than incandescent bulbs. 70% efficiency |
| What can light travel through | The vacuum of empty space |
| Insulator | A material that is a poor conductor of heat (e.g. glass, plastic, wood, rubber) |
| Conductor | A substance that allows heat or electricity to pass through it (e.g. spoon, metals) |
| Explain when objects become positively or negatively charged | When atoms giveaway and gain electrons, they become positively charged or negatively charged. The atom giving away would have more protons than electrons, and since protons are positively charged, the atom is positively charged. It goes for the atom gaining an electron, since it would have more electrons than protons, it is negatively charged. |
| Unlike charges and like charges | Unlike charges attract and like charges repel |
| Electrostatic forces | The attraction/repulsion between charged bodies. A plastic bag sticks to you; this is because the packet rubs against a lot of things that gives it an electrostatic charge. When taking off a jumper and your hair will stand up |
| Van de Graaff | A Van de Graaff is an electrostatic generator, which uses a moving belt to accumulate very high amounts of electrical potential on a hollow metal globe on the top of the stand. The static electricity is made by friction. |
| Static electricity | Electricity that does not flow in a current, but is found in some objects when they rub together and can give an electric shock |
| Current electricity | Electricity that flows from one place to another |
| Energy transfers in an electric circuit | In an electric circuit, energy is given to electrons by the power supply and then the electrons carry it around to the components (bulb). The components transform the electrical energy to other forms (light). |
| Voltage | A measure of the electrical energy to other forms (light) |
| Current | The rate of the flow of electrons |
| Resistance | The opposition to the flow of electrons |
| Resistance of a wire to its length and diameter | If there were a long and short wire, the shorter wire would have less electrical resistance than the long wire. If there were a small-diameter wire and a large-diameter wire, the large-diameter wire would have less electrical resistance than the small-diameter wire |
| Why does the current at every point in a series circuit is the same | In a series circuit, there is only one path, which all electrons pass through. The current isn’t used up by the components, this is why the current stays the same throughout the circuit in a series circuit |
| Advantages of connecting globes in a parallel circuit | If one globe blows, the others would stay on. The globes would still be bright, as they both get the same amount of electrons passing by. You could turn on 1 set of light at one time instead turning on all lights. |
| Sound is caused by what | Vibrations |
| Vibrations are a series of what | Compressions and rarefactions |
| What does sound require to travel through | A medium |
Want to create your own Flashcards for free with GoConqr? Learn more.