1716425
| Question | Answer |
| Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) | Average mass of all existing isotopes of an element compared to one atom of carbon-12 |
| Mass Number (A) | Number of protons + Number of neutrons *biggest number* |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element (same atomic number) but different mass number (number of neutrons) |
| Electronegativity | Tendency of an element to attract a pair of electrons when covalently bonded |
| First Ionization Energy |
Energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms
X -> X+ + e-
Image:
ionizationenergy (image/jpg)
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| Atomic Number (Z) | Number of protons; In a neutral atom, the number of electrons and protons is the same *never changes* |
| Relative Molecular Mass (Mr) | Sum of all the relative atomic masses of all atoms present in a molecule Example: Water = (2x1.01)+(1x16.01)=18.02 |
| Exothermic Reaction |
Chemical reactions which result in a transfer of heat energy from the system to the surroundings (heat given out)
Enthalpy change is negative
Examples: Combustion and neutralization
Image:
exothermic (image/jpg)
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| Endothermic Reaction |
Chemical reactions which result in an energy tranfer from the surroundings to the system
Enthalphy change is positive
Image:
endothermic (image/jpg)
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| Standard Enthalpy Change of Reaction (ΔH⊖) | Heat transferred during a reaction |
| Average Bond Enthalpy | Energy needed to break one mole of bonds in gaseous molecule under standard conditions |
| Rate of Reaction | Measure of the amount of reactants being converted into products per unit time |
| Activation Energy (Ea) | Minimum value of kinetic energy which particles must have before they are able to react |
| Brønsted-Lowry Acid | Proton (H+) donour |
| Brønsted-Lowry Base | Proton (H+) acceptor |
| Lewis Acid | Electron pair acceptor |
| Lewis Base | Electron pair donour |
| Oxidation | Loss of electrons during a reaction; Increase in oxidation number |
| Reduction | Gain of electrons during a reaction; Decrease in oxidation number |
| Oxidizing Agent | Substance that causes oxidation; Substance which is reduced |
| Reducing Agent | Substance that causes reduction; Substance which is oxidized |
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