Research Methods Week One

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Concepts for - Knowledge Science Science History Learning Outcomes 1 & 2
Amanda Monk
Flashcards by Amanda Monk, updated more than 1 year ago
Amanda Monk
Created by Amanda Monk over 5 years ago
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Question Answer
Intuition Intuition The act of process of coming to direct knowledge or certainty without reasoning or inferring. - Seen in the process of forming hypothesis
Problem with Intuition? It does not provide a mechanism for separating accurate from inaccurate knowledge
Authority A basis for acceptance of information, because it is acquired from a highly respected source.
Problem with authority? Information or facts stated by authority may be wrong/inaccurate
Consult someone of authority for your study when...... - Beginning stages to assess the hypothesis as testable - Design stage if you are unsure how to test a variable - You do not know how to interpret data
Rationalism The acquisition of knowledge through reasoning Knowledge is acquired if the correct reasoning process is used
" I think there for I am" Rene Descartes - Rationalism - 16th Century
Problem with rationalism Not uncommon for two well-meaning and honest individuals to reach different conclusions
Rationalism is used for..... Reasoning to derive hypotheses Identify the outcomes that would identify the truth or falsity of the hypotheses
Empiricism The acquisition of knowledge through experience. "If I have experienced something, then iti s valid and true"
Induction A reasoning process that involves going from the specific to the general
Deduction A reasoning process that involves going from the general to the specific
Hypothesis testing The process of testing a predicted relationship of hypothesis making observations and then comparing the observed facts with the hypothesis or predicted relationships
Falsificationism A deductive approach to science that focuses on falsifying hypotheses as the key criterion of science.
Karl Popper Falsifying/Falsificationism
Aristotle Francis Bacon Issac Newtown Induction
Duhem-Quine Principle The idea that a hypothesis vcannot be tested in isolation (i.e:Without making additional assumptions)
Hybrid approach to hypothesis testing -Probabilistic thinking -Preponderance of evidence -Mixture of the positivists' verification approach and Popper's falsification approach
Naturalism Popular in behavioural science stating that science should justify it's practices according to how well they work(Evaluate our theories based on their empirical adequacy - does the theory make accurate predictions, data support the theory & does the theory provide a good casual explanation of the phenomenon
Thomas Kuhn Suggested that science reflects two types of activities -Normal Science Revolutionary Science
Normal Science Thomas Kuhn The period in which scientific activity is governed by a singled paradigm or a set of concepts, values, perceptions and practices shared by a community that forms a particular view of reality.
Revolutionary Science Thomas Kuhn A period in which scientific activity is characterised by the replacement of one paradigm with another
Paul Feverabend - Argues anything goes in science -Science included many irrational practices -There is no such thing as the method of science, science has many methods
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