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Description
Flashcards by nicole_naismith, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by nicole_naismith
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| WHAT ARE NORMS? | Unspoken, unwritten rules of behaviour within society. |
| WHAT ARE VALUES? | The beliefs of what is right and wrong. |
| WHAT ARE SANCTIONS? | The punishments we face as consequences of undesired behaviour or, in contrast, rewards we receive as encouragement for good behaviour. |
| WHAT IS CULTURAL DIVERSITY? | The name for the idea about how different cultures do the same things, just in different ways. |
| WHAT IS CULTURAL RELATIVITY? | The idea that different societies and cultures shouldn't be judged due to differences, they should be analysed objectively. |
| WHAT IS A CULTURAL UNIVERSAL? | A form of behaviour that is found in all cultures, although they may still operate differently. |
| WHAT IS SOCIALISATION? | The process in which we learn the norms, values and rules of our culture. |
| WHAT ARE MORES (mor-ays)? | The beliefs of what is considered right, decent and polite. |
| WHAT IS PRIMARY SOCIALISATION? | Most important part of socialisation, during early childhood, usually takes place at home with the family. |
| WHAT IS SECONDARY SOCIALISATION? | The learning of further skills and attitudes. Takes place in later childhood-adulthood. |
| WHAT IS RESOCIALISATION? | Re-learning of norms/values/rules that occur when a new situation or role is faced. (EG; New Schools, Prisons, Winning the Lottery) |
| WHAT IS INFORMAL SOCIALISATION? | Socialisation that usually happens by chance, from the things we see around us. |
| WHAT IS FORMAL SOCIALISATION? | When people or organisations deliberately set out to change us. |
| WHAT ARE THE 6 MAIN AGENCIES OF SOCIALISATION? | Family, The Mass Media, Religion, Workplace, Peer Groups, Education (Schools). |
| WHAT IS THE NATURE VS NURTURE DEBATE? | Nature = Genetics, biology, instincts. Nurture = Social and environmental influences. |
| WHAT ARE FERAL CHILDREN? | Children who haven't received normal primary socialisation. |
| WHAT IS GENDER SOCIALISATION? | The way males and females are socialised differently. |
| WHAT IS THE "GLASS CEILING"? | A theoretical barrier that can limit women from achieving the best jobs due to their gender. |
| WHAT ARE THE 4 WAYS ANN OAKLEY SAYS WE ARE GENDER SOCIALISED? | Verbal Appellations, Manipulation, Canalisation and Different Activities. |
| WHAT ARE VERBAL APPELLATIONS? | The way we talk to children of different genders, to reinforce their gender. {EG; "good girl" in a soft tone, "bad boy" in an angry tone} |
| WHAT IS CANALISATION? | Giving toys to children that are seen as appropriate for their sex. {EG; construction toys to boys and dolls for girls} |
| WHAT IS GENDER MANIPULATION? | Encouraging behaviour that is classed as normal for their gender, and discouraging behaviour that isn't. {EG; scolding a little girl for getting dirty} |
| HOW DO DIFFERENT ACTIVITES GENDER SOCIALISE A CHILD? | Girls are expected to stay inside and help mum indoors, whereas boys are given more freedom outdoors. |
| HOW DO THE MEDIA SOCIALISE US? | Disney = Stereotyping characters = women shown as skinny, pretty etc. 'Bad' characters are often the ugly or imperfect ones. Reinforce the traditional gender roles. |
| HOW DO THE FAMILY SOCIALISE US? | Sanctioning us to encourage and discourage certain behaviours. Child imitating family members and role models. |
| HOW DO PEER GROUPS SOCIALISE US? | As adolescents, peer pressure begins to influence the way we talk and dress etc. As young children, nurseries and clubs can influence the way you act and grow up. |
| HOW DOES RELIGION SOCIALISE US? | Sees certain behaviours as shameful in the eye of their God. Their faith may not allow certain activities, foods etc. Religious holidays are also different from the secular cultures. |
| HOW DOES THE WORKPLACE SOCIALISE US? | Re-socialises you with different norms, values such as organisational skills. Teaches you professionalism due to the need to communicate with lots of different people. |
| HOW DO SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION SYSTEMS SOCIALISE US? | Traditional gender roles are usually subtly shown in early reading books. "Hidden Curriculum" is the teaching of things like punctuality and manners. |
| WHAT IS INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL? | When people are made to conform to norms and values. |
| WHAT ARE TWO AGENCIES OF INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL? | Peer Groups/The Family and The Media. |
| WHAT IS FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL? | People in authority who make you conform to written rules and laws. |
| WHAT ARE TWO AGENCIES OF FORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL? | Police and Courts. |
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