18339054
Description
Flashcards by Sam Gunnell, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sam Gunnell
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Give three physical defences that plants have against pathogens | -Waxy cuticle -Cellulose cell wall -Stomatal closure |
| How does the waxy cuticle prevent the entry of pathogens? | Prevents water collecting on the surface of the leaf and that water can contain pathogens |
| How does the cellulose cell wall prevent the entry of pathogens? | Physical barrier |
| Give two chemical defences that plants have against pathogens | -Defensive proteins effect the proteins in the pathogens membrane -Some alkaloids (eg cocaine) can inhibit protein synthesis |
| Give three defences animals have against diseases | -Lysosomes in saliva -Skin acts as a barrier -Goblet cells produce mucus that cover epithelial cells in lungs |
| What is sebum? Where is it produced? | An oily substance that prevents the growth of pathogens Produced in skin |
| Describe the wound repair response from being cut to how new skin is formed | Blood clots at wound to prevent the entry of microbes. The clot dries and forms a scab. Collagen is deposited under the scab and stem cells in the endodermis undergo mitosis to produce new skin cells |
| What does histamine do? | Causes vasodilation, making capillaries more permeable to white blood cells and proteins |
| What do cytokines do? | Attract phagocytes to the effected area. They can remove pathogens by phagocytosis |
| What causes a fever? Why is temperature increased? | Cytokines increase your body temperature because higher temperatures inhibit pathogen reproduction and the immune system works better at higher temperatures |
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