1914989
Description
Flashcards by heathermarye, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by heathermarye
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is Data? | Raw facts and figures that don't make sence on their own |
| What is Information? | Data that has been processed within a context to give it a meening |
| What is Knowledge? | The understanding of rules needed to interpret theinformation |
| How can data be collected? | Directly or Indirectly (Primary and secondary) e.g. Data from sensors or marketing based on your spending habits. |
| What is coding Data? | Before being stored in a computer data can be coded e.g. M or F |
| Name 3 benefits of coding data | Less storage space required Faster Input Validation is easier |
| Name 2 disadvantages to coding data | Precision of data can be lost - Coarsened The user needs to know the codes used |
| What is GIGO? | Garbage In Garbage Out The quality of the information you get out depends on the quality of the information you put in |
| What is a Value Judgement? | Someones personal opinion These can differ between individuals |
| Name 3 factors that influence the value of Information | Up-to-date Fit for intended use Accurate |
| What 3 ways can good quality information be used for? | Maximize sales Make good management decisions Cut Costs |
| What factors make data costly to obtain and keep up-to-date? | How its COLLECTED How its INPUT PROCESSING the information Data MAINTENANCE |
| When do data errors occur? | Processing Input Transcription Transmission |
| What is Validation? | A check that is performed by a computer to ensure that it is reasonable |
| What is verification? | Checking that the input data is the same as the source |
| Name the 6 validation checks | Presence Digit Format Range Data Fixed Value |
| Examples of verification | Double entry Proof reading |
| Name the 6 advantages of ICT | Speed of processing Speed of searching Repetitive processing Vast amount of data can be stored Produce different output formats (e.g.tables) Accuracy/speed of data communications |
| 5 Factors that effect the efficiency of data processing systems | Hardware Software Effects of Communications Effects of Input Suitability of operating systems |
| What is CAD? | Computer aided design - Allows the user to make accurate drawings |
| Name 4 features of CAD | Layering 3D drawing and walk through Rotation/Zoom Wire Drawing |
| Advantages of CAD | Easily stored and transferred 3D Available Easily altered Can manipulate Image |
| What is CAM? | Computer aided manufacturing - this can use the drawing from CAD software and create it using machines |
| Advantages of CAM | Cheaper Faster Better Quality Lower wage cost Machines can be re-programed |
| Hardware requirements for CAD and CAM | Good Graphics card Speed of processor Memory |
| Definition and examples of EFT | Electronic funds transfer - can be made by credit, debit cards, Paypal, online purse |
| Advantages of EFT to both customer and the store | Faster payment Quick to enter in card details Faster deliver - improved turnover |
| Disadvantages of EFT to both customers and store | Impulse purchases/mistakes Fraud of credit cards online Not everyone has a computer Expensive to set up payment systems |
| What is e-commerce? | Online shopping - people can now shop from the comfort of their own homes |
| The main parts of an E-commerce system | Catalogue Shopping basket Checkout Payment |
| Advantages to e-commerce | Always accessible - 24/7 Global marketplace Easily updated Search facillities |
| Disadvantages of E-commerce | Lack of exercise Unemployment Problems (delivery, payment) Security issues |
| What is EPOS? | Electronic point of sale - where people pay for goods. E.g. Keyboards, touch screens, magnetic strip readers, Bar code readers |
| Where are bar codes used? | Warehouse stock control Parcel tracking systems Goods in a supermarket |
| Advantages and disadvantages of Bar Codes | Fast Low printing cost Accurate Expensive Restricted amount of data- only mumbers |
| What are the uses of automatic Stock control? | To monitor and adjust the stock level to keep consumers happy Automatically re-orders stock when its low Items have a limited shelf life |
| What is JIT? | Just in time - The idea that good are being bought as quickly as they are being sold. |
| Advantages of JIT | Smaller stores can be used - not as much storage required Can respond to changing demand Easier to cope with smaller deliveries |
| Disadvantages of JIT | More staff for admin are required Expensive to introduce Theft and damage may alter true stock |
| What is CAL? | Computer assisted learning - Using a computer interactively for education |
| What is CBT? | Computer based training - using a computer interactively for training |
| Features of CBT and CAL | Distance Learning Interactive Whiteboards Video Conferencing Chat rooms E-Learning Revision Programs |
| Examples of School administration methods | OMR - Paper record that is then read by a scanner RFID Tags - Radio frequency tag Smart cards Retina/Bio metric Scanner |
| Advantages to using ICT to record attendence | Detains are almost real time Less burden on teachers Exact time is recorded - late pupils Quicker |
| Disadvantages to using ICT to record attendance | Expensive Privacy and human right issues Need a system of back up |
| Problems with paper based records | Storage space required Handwriting hard to read Notes get lost Prescriptions not readable |
| Advantages of electronic patient record keeping | Available wherever there is a terminal Only one set of data required security is improved |
| Advantages of an electronic prescription | Quicker Much more accurate and therefore safer |
| Features of patient identification | They are given a wrist band with a bar code that contains their name, date of birth, blood group and NHS Number |
| The stages of the blood tracking process | 1. Blood is taken and tested 2. Stored by National blood transfusion service 3. Bags are labeled with a bar code 4. Matched blood is sent to the hospital 5. Bags are scanned and put in fridge 6. Staff remove blood after scanning their ID badges 7. Blood taken from the fridge is scanned 8. Blood is taken to the ward. Both patient and blood are then scanned 9. If blood is a match then the transfusion is given |
| Advantages of blood tracking | Provides an audit trail Saves time - no paper records No human errors Stock Control |
| Name several types of sensors used in healthcare | temperature, pulse, heart rate monitor, blood sugar, Brain activity |
| Advantages of sensors | No missed measurements Measured in 'real time' Can make spotting trends easier |
| Disadvantages of sensors | Machines can break down Equipment can be expensive |
| Features and uses of MRI scans | Magnetic resonance imagery - uses magnetic and radio waves Computer model builds up a picture Used for blood vessels, analyzing organs functions, joints |
| Features and uses of CAT scans | Computer axial tomography - a complex x-ray machine Used to produce images of bone, muscle, fatty tissue |
| Benefits of scanning | Can be used to prevent disease Faster Diagnosis Plan for operations |
| Disadvantages of scanning | Equipment is complex and expensive Can be dangerous for staff (CAT scans) Can break down |
| Definition of a neural network | Creating a computer that processes information like a human brain They use parallel processing Artificial Intellegence |
| Name the 3 components of an expert system | Knowledge base Inference System User Interface |
| Advantages of an expert system | Stores more information Doesn't forget or make a mistake Can keep it up to date Available 24/7 Provides accurate predictions and advise |
| Disadvantages of an expert system | No common sense Too much reliance on computers Information put in must be correct |
| Uses of ICT in the home | Gaming Photography Email Music Pay to view Shopping/Booking Mobile Phones |
| 3 Special features of music in the home | MIDI - musical instrument digital interface Notators - allows you to write music Sequencers |
| The choices of format rely on...? | Needs of the user Complexity of the information Material to be presented online |
| Features of word processing and DTP software | A template Mail merge Style sheet Importing Macros |
| What is the difference between home and professional DTP Software? | Home software is useful for producing small layouts where as professional software has many more features for creating more complex layouts |
| Advantages of WP and DTP software | Ability to draft Presentation is enhanced Files can be sent as attachments View documents online |
| Disadvantages of WP and DTP | Initial expense May require some training Expensive hardware (storage space, graphics card) |
| Presentation software features | Templates Creating a show Animation Importing files Exporting data |
| Features of Web authoring software | Hyperlinks Formatting Animations Frames HTML |
| Define a stand alone computer | a computer that is not connected to any other computer |
| Advantages of stand alone computers | Less viruses less IT knowledge required Cheaper hardware and software Less hardware dependent |
| Disadvantages of stand alone computers | Transfer of files difficult Hard to keep up to date Harder to update software Back ups need to be kept by each user |
| Definition of a network | A collection of computers and other hardware devices that are all linked in together |
| Advantages of a network | Ability to share files, software and hardware Improved security Improved communication Central maintenance and support |
| Disadvantages of a network | Technical knowledge is required Dependent on the file server Cost |
| Define LAN | Local area network - A network confined to a single building or site |
| Define WAN | Wide area network - spread over a large geographical area. Third party telecommunications are usually ussed |
| Define Internet | A huge group of networks all joined together Contains the WWW (world wide web) |
| Define Intranet | An internal private network that allows employers to access information resources |
| Define Extranet | An intranet that is open to certain groups of people outside of the company |
| Benefits of email | Fast to send You can send attachments Quick to write No need to leave the house Cheaper than a letter |
| Disadvantages of Email | Junk mail Not everyone has internet Relies on people checking their email Equipment is expensive |
| Services available on the internet | FTP - File transfer protocol - a method of receiving/sending files Newsgroups Chat rooms Online databases Search engine |
| Define HCI | Human computer interface - describes the way that humans interact with computers |
| Examples of HCL | Voice recognition Touch sensitive screens Speech synthesis Biometric |
| Health issues associated with ICT | Repetitive strain injury Eye strain Back pain ELF - extra low frequency radiation Stress |
| Define, with examples, Malpractice | Improper or careless practice E.g. Not logging off, giving away passwords |
| Define, with examples, Crime | All act that are against the law E.g. copyrighting music |
| Define the Computer Misuse act 1990 | 3 levels of crime; Unauthorised access Unauthorized access with intent Unauthorized changing or deleting files |
| Copyright and designs patents act 1988 | Illegal to copy a file without permision |
| Sages of Data protection act 1998 | Purpose EU Relevant Secure Own right Necessary Accurate Lawfully |
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