2000790
Description
Flashcards by Sarah Sulzle, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sarah Sulzle
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Scientific Method | systematic approach scientists to acquire knowledge and understanding |
| Correlation Co-efficient | from -1 to 1, the strength and directional relationship between two variables. |
| Case Study | an in-depth investigation of an individual/small group |
| Positive Correlation | indicates if one variable increases another will increase value |
| Negative Correlation | indicates that if one variable increases value another will decrease |
| Survey Method | sample is chosen to represent a larger population and ask a series of questions |
| Independent Variable | variable manipulated by an experiment |
| Dependent Variable | variable measured in an experiment expected to change as a result of the experimenter's manipulation of the independent variable |
| Control Group | people randomly assigned to receive no treatment |
| Naturalistic Observation | observing without manipulation |
| Placebo | "drug" that contains no chemical properties or active ingredients |
| Population | group of people you want to observe for an experiment |
| Sample | people chosen from population that you want to observe in an experiment |
| Statistically Significant | meaningful result that makes it possible for researchers to feel confident that they have confirmed their hypothesis |
| Experiment | investigation of a relationship between 2+ variables by deliberately producing a change in one variable in a situation and observing the effects of that change on the other aspects of the situation |
| Neurons | nerve cells basic element of nervous system |
| Axon | part of neuron that carries message destined for other neurons |
| Myelin Sheath | protective coating of fat and protein that wraps around axon |
| Synapse | space between two neurons where nerves communicate with each other via chemical messages |
| Neurotransmitters | chemicals that carry messages between neurons across the synapse |
| Limbic System | part of the brain that controls eating, aggression, and reproduction |
| Cerebellum | part of the brain that controls bodily balance and is involved in analysis of sensory information and problem solving |
| Aphasia | a problem with language caused by injuries in the association area of the brain |
| Somatic Division | associated with skeletal, muscle, and voluntary control of the body movements |
| Central Nervous System | associated with the brain and spinal cord |
| Autonomic Division | includes sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | fight or flight response |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | calms the body |
| Peripheral Nervous System | consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord |
| Thalamus | relay center for the nervous system |
| Broca's Center | language |
| Hypothalamus | regulates basic biological needs |
| Hippocampus/Amygdala | part of limbic system |
| Corpus Callosum | fibers that pass information between two cerebral hemispheres |
| Frontal Lobe | motor area and Broca's area |
| Parietal Lobe | somatosensory area and association area |
| Temporal Lobe | auditory area and association area, Wernicke area |
| Occipital Lobe | visual area and association area |
| Trichromatic Theory of Vision | Young-Helmholtz, Three kinds of cones in the retina that respond to specific range of wave lengths |
| Opponent-process Theory | color theory that states that the human visual system interprets information about color by processing signals from cones and rods in an antagonistic manner |
| Monocular Cues | depth perception and distance with one eye |
| Binocular Cues | depth perception and distance with two eyes |
| Sensation | the activity of the sense organs by a source of physical energy |
| Perception | the sorting out and interpretation analysis and integration of stimuli by the sense organs and brain |
| Gestalt Theory | (laws of organization) principles that focus on how we organize information in a whole (closure, proximity, similarity, simplicity) |
| Colorblindness | the world looks quite dull, red looks yellow, unable to tell difference between yellow and blue |
| Absolute Threshold | smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for it to be detected |
| What causes blind spot? | area of the eye where no rods and cones are present |
| Sensory Adaptation | occurs when sensory receptors change their sensitivity to the stimulus |
| Selective Attention | involves filtering out irrelevant information around us and focusing on the things that demand our attention |
| Müller-Lyer illusion | arrow illusion where one arrow looks longer than the other based on its extensions pointing inward or outward |
| Rods | cylindrical receptors that are highly sensitive to light |
| Cones | cone shaped light sensitive receptor cells that are responsible for sharp focus and color perception particularly in bright light |
| Parapsychologist | field of study of paranormal and psychic phenomena |
| 4 Taste Sensations & 1 New | sour, salty, sweet, bitter, and savory (umami) |
| In-attentional Blindness | psychological lack of attention, not associated with vision defects/deficits |
| Transduction | transformation/transportation from one form/place to another |
| Parts of the Eye | cornea, lens, retina, fovea |
| Retina | nerve fibers, connection neurons (ganglion cell, bipolar cell), receptor cells (cones and rods) |
| Frequency Theory | theory that the entire basilar membrane acts as a microphone vibrating as a whole in response to sound |
| Olfactory Cells | receptor neurons of the nose, spread across the nasal cavity |
| Color Constancy | human color perception, system that ensures the perceived color remains relatively constant under different lighting conditions |
| Perceptual Set | idea that perception as an active process involving selection interference and interpretation |
| Sleep Stage 1 | transition between wakefulness and sleep, relatively rapid and low amplitude rain waves |
| Sleep Stage 2 | deeper that one, slower more regular wave pattern, momentary interruption of "sleep spindles" |
| Sleep Stage 3 | slower brain waves, greater peaks and valleys of brain waves than stage 3 |
| Sleep Stage 4 | deepest stage; least responsive to stimuli |
| REM | 20% of adult sleep, increased heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate, erections, eye movement, and dreams |
| Insomnia | Difficulty sleeping |
| Freuds Theory of Dreams | associating symbols with events in the past, certain symbols have universal meaning |
| Narcolepsy | uncontrollable sleeping that occurs for short periods when person is awake |
| Sleep Apnea | difficulty sleeping and breathing |
| Night Terrors | sudden awakening from non REM sleep accompanied by fear, panic, and physiological arousal |
| Hypnosis | trans-like state of heightened susceptibility to suggestions of others |
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