2113361
Description
Flashcards by Mabel Wang, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mabel Wang
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Yogin | One who is engaged in yogic practices. It is a pan-Indic practice seen in most Indian religions. |
| Emperor Ashoka (262-239 BCE) | The first historical king to have sponsored early Buddhist art. Royal patronage becomes an ideal of kingship throughout the Buddhist world |
| Stupa | A solid earthen burial mound for memorial purposes. It enshrines relics of the Buddha or of other famous monks |
| Buddha | The enlightened one. Refers to the historical figure, Siddhartha Gautama, born into the Shakya clan, a.k.a Shakyamuni or sage of the Shakyas. |
| Bodhisattva | First applied to the Buddha before his enlightenment Then applied to a number of compassionate beings, who have postponed their enlightenment to help other beings |
| Mudra | Hand gestures in Indian art, ritual, and dance that indicate various meanings |
| Bodhi Tree (ficus tree or ficus religiosa) | Tree under which Buddha obtained enlightenment |
| Jatakas | Former life stories of Buddha that are often depicted in early Buddhist art |
| Yakshi | semi-divine fertility figures found in early Buddhist art |
| Hinduism | Refers to a broad group of inter-connected religious traditions in the Indian subcontinent |
| Shiva | Hindu god, carries trident, has a third eye, and rides a bull. |
| Vishnu | Holds a conch shell and discuss, rides the Garuda bird. 10 incarnations, 10th yet to come. |
| Durga | The warrior-goddess, who defeated buffalo-demon, Mahisha |
| Puja | Ritual Hindu worship that can take place at temple or home |
| Darsan | The act of seeing a deity |
| Ramayana | An Indian epic that narrates the story of Rama, an incarnation of Vishnu |
| Akbarnama | History or Tales of Akbar, the most famous of Mughal rulers, 2 volumes Written by Abul Fazl. During 1590s, Mughal artist produced illustrations for the Akbarnama. |
| Aniconism | In early Buddhist art, symbols (footprints, parasols, empty seats, bodhi trees, the wheel) depicted the Buddha. |
| Veda | Literally means knowledge. Sacred literature composed by the Aryas |
| Indra | A Vedic god of thunder, rain, clouds. Later, especially in Buddhism, he is seen as the king of gods, especially of the Trayastrimsa heaven |
| Dhamma | The doctrine of which the Buddha taught |
| Sangha | Community of the monks |
| Three Jewels of Buddhism | Buddha Dhamma (Teaching) Sangha |
| Toranas | Gateways |
| Tribhanga | three-bend posture |
| Abhaya Mudra | |
| Dharmachakra (Turning the wheel of the law) | |
| Bhumisparsha (earth-touching) | |
| Lakshanas | Well-placed foot (Flat-foot) Broad feet Body frame well-grown, tall & straight Arms reach to knees Lion like torso Shoulders gently curved Urna Usnisha |
| Buddha, Gandhara, Afghanistan & Pakistan, Schist, 1st - 3rd century CE | Stylized image, Greco-Roman Apollo type Hellenistic Wavy hair Monastic robe draped in heavy classical folds reminiscent of a Roman toga, over both shoulders Ushnisha, Urna Haughty profile of olympian god, ethereal faces Absence of Jewellery Perfect male physique & proportions |
| Buddha, Mathura, India, Sandstone, 2nd-3rd century CE | Pleasant chubby features Powerful, lion-like torso Robust physique, "swelling" Heavily emphasised penis underneath draped clothing Bulging pectorals and muscular thighs Right hand "fear-not" Abhaya mudra Smooth shell-like hairstyle, turban hair Globular eyes * emphatically drawn eyebrows |
| Usnisha | a wisdom bump on the crown of the head |
| Urna | A curl of hair resting between eyebrows depicted as a dot between the eyebrows. |
| 4 Great Miracles | 4 main events in the Buddha's life: birth, enlightenment, first sermon, passing away |
| mahaparinirvana (nirvana) | Great Passing Away indicating there is no future birth |
| Axial principle in Hindu shrines | The concern with direct visual contact means that sacred monuments are laid out so as to emphasize the progression from the entrance towards the sanctuary doorway. The shrines consist of a womb chamber with a doorway sheltered by a porch. |
| Dharma | Traditional law, the agent of moral well-being and prosperity |
| Royal Patrons | Inscriptions on buildings and works of art record donations of kings and queens. Ideal Hindu ruler upholds dharma. While rulers were expected to assert their military power & authority, they were also responsible for the spiritual welfare of their people. They believe they will be rewarded for donations by blessings from the deity. Guarantee victory for troops & prosperity for people. This was crucial in achieving legitimacy & maintaining control |
| Vishnu Anantasayana Relief, on south, Vishnu Temple, Deogargh, India, stone, 6th century CE | Asleep on coils of giant multi-headed serpent, Ananta. Brahma depicted separately, seated on a lotus blossom & accompanied in upper register by other deties. Lakshmi, massages Vishnu's legs. Base of 6 figures, include the personifications of Vishnu's symbols & 2 armed demons |
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