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| Question | Answer |
| Groups | Columns in the periodic table |
| Periods | Rows in the periodic table |
| Nucleus | Contains protons and neutrons, electrons orbit the nucleus. |
| Protons, neutrons and electrons relative mass/charge | Relative mass, charge Proton: 1, +1 Neutron: 1, 0 Electron: 1/2000, -1 |
| Electrons shell structure | 1 - 2 2 - 8 3 - 8 |
| What is the mass number, no. of protons, electrons and neutrons? 23 Na 11 | 23 = mass no. (protons and neutrons) 11 = no. of protons 11 = no. of electrons (same number of protons as electrons) |
| S L G Aq | solid liquid gas aqueous (dissolved in a solution) |
| Covalent bonding | Non-metals share atoms. E.g. hydrogen > To fill the outer shell |
| Ionic bonding | Electrons are transferred from a metal to a non-metal Positive ion - loses the electrons (more protons than electrons) Negative ion - gains atoms (less protons than electrons) |
| Ionic Formulae | The two ions in a compound need to have the same charge. E.g. Sodium: Na+ Fluoride: F- Sodium Fluoride: NaF |
| Calcium: Ca+² Sulphate: SO₄-² Calcium Sulphate: CaSO₄ Magnesium: Mg₂ Hydroxide OH¹ Mg(OH)₂ | Aluminium: Al+³ Oxide: O-² 3(Al+³)+3(O-²) Al₂O₃ |
| Elextrons in the same group... This means... | have the same amount of outer electrons. they react in similar ways. |
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