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| Question | Answer |
| What is Crime? | The breaking of a law established by a government for which there is a punishment |
| Name some causes of crime | Poverty, Envy, Drugs, Prejudice, Peer Pressure, Boredom, Education |
| How does POVERTY cause crime? | For some, crime is the only way to afford the basic necessities of life |
| How does ENVY cause crime? | Some feel that it is unfair that they have so little compared to others |
| How do DRUGS cause crime? | Some people need to commit crime to provide the money to buy more drugs |
| How does PREJUDICE cause crime? | Hatred of another group of people people of their race, colour or religion may lead to civil unrest, injury, or even murder |
| How does PEER PRESSURE cause crime? | Young people may feel pressurized into committing crime rather than being ridiculed by their friends |
| How does BOREDOM cause crime? | Some young people and unemployed adults commit crime as they feel they have nothing else to do |
| How does (lack of) EDUCATION cause crime? | Lack of educational opportunities can lead to poor work opportunities and housing |
| What are the aims of punishment? | PROTECTION, DETERRENCE, RETRIBUTION, VINDICATION, REFORM |
| How is PROTECTION a aim of punishment? | Society needs to be protected from those who commit crime, particularly from those who are guilty of murder or rape. Imprisonment keeps society safe and protects offenders against themselves |
| How is DETERRENCE an aim of punishment? | It is hoped that people punished for crimes will not break the law again. Also, others who are considering crime may be put off by the punishments they see others recieving |
| How is RETRIBUTION an aim of punishment? | Someone who commits a crime should receive a punishment that fits the crime. The victim 'gets even' on the criminal, based on the Old Testament idea 'a life foe a life, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth'. |
| How is VINDICATION an aim of punishment? | If society is to be safe, crime must be punished. Criminals must be shown that crime will not be tolerated ad that the law must be respected |
| How is REFORM an aim of punishment? | Rather than seeking revenge, this aim of punishment tries to help the criminal see the wrong they have done and repent. The person will not go back to their old way of life and will have something positive to offer society when they are released. Reform is sometimes called the Christian aim of punishment. Jesus spoke of the need to forgive and help people to reform. |
| What is IMPRISONMENT? | Being put in jail |
| Name three arguments FOR Imprisonment? | -Helps people to reform (education courses) -A deterrent to stop re-offending -Protects society from criminals |
| Name two arguments AGAINST Imprisonment | -Prisons are often overcrowded, so there is no chance to reform -New criminals may meet experienced criminals and re-offend |
| What is a FINE? | Sums of money paid to the court |
| Name an argument FOR Fines | The thought of paid large sums of money my act as a deterrent |
| Name an argument AGAINST Fines | It is not a deterrent for rich people-the fine is only a small part of their wealth |
| What is PROBATION? | Allowing a (usually) first time offender not to go to prison but instead allow them to live a normal life, subject to conditions |
| Name two arguments FOR Probation | -Criminals can live a normal life, trying to reform -The restriction from life (e.g. through tags) would be a deterrent |
| Name an argument AGAINST Probation? | There is no protection for society, the person is still able to harm others and themselves |
| What is COMMUNITY SERVICE? | Unpaid work for the community such as cleaning, tending to public gardens, or other forms of work for the good of the public |
| Name two arguments FOR Community Service | -The offender can give something back to society -They are given a job which can help them to reform |
| Name an argument AGAINST Community Service | This type of punishment does not act as a deterrent, it does not cause much discomfort for the offender |
| What is taught about revenge in Matthew 5 and what is meant by this? | "Turn the other cheek" Be the bigger person and do not retaliate |
| What is taught about the way you treat your enemies in Matthew 5 and why is it important? | "Love your enemies" You will rewarded in heaven. Even sinners treat people who are not nice to them with respect. God treats everyone equally and so should we |
| What does The Parable of the Unmerciful Servant teach about forgiveness? | In order to be forgiven, we need to forgive others |
| What does the Our Father teach about forgiveness? | "Forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us" |
| What does the parable of The Prodigal Son teach about forgiveness? | If you feel sorry and say sorry, and are willing to make up for what you have done wrong, then God is ready to forgive you |
| When Jesus is Crucified in Luke, what does the bandit say about forgiveness and what does this mean? | "Jesus remember me, when you come into your Kingdom" It is never too late to repent and be forgiven |
| What does it say in The Woman Caught in Adultery about forgiveness and what does it mean? | "Whichever one of you has committed no sin may throw the first stone at her" Nobody is perfect, so no one is in a position to judge other people; Jesus only forgives if you try to improve |
| What is Capital Punishment? | THE DEATH PENALTY A form of punishment in which a prisoner is put to death by the state for crimes committed |
| Name a Case Study of someone who tried to prevent the Death Penalty | SISTER HELEN PREJEAN -Became a Nun and was involved in prison work -Became a pen pal to a man on death row -Became spiritual advisor and was with him in the electric chair -Founded 'Survive' counselling charity -Believes not to reply to hate with hate |
| Name four arguments FOR the Death Penalty | -Absolute protection from society -Most effective deterrent -Punishment most fitting for the crime -Doesn't deserve a second chance |
| Name four arguments AGAINST the Death Penalty | -Many murders not a danger to society -US evidence shows it does not work as a deterrent -'Eye for an eye' mentality encourages revenge -Offender has no chance to reform |
| Name some causes of war | -Fighting over land/resources -Discrimination -Religion -Terrorism -Remove a leader -Defending self/country -Financial reasons |
| What is the JUST WAR THEORY? | For war to be declared just, certain conditions need to be met |
| What the the PROPER AUTHORITY part of the Just War Theory? | War needs to be declared by a proper authority (e.g. Government) |
| What the the JUST CAUSE part of the Just War Theory? | 'Good Cause' There needs to be good reasons for going to war (e.g. self/country defense) |
| What the the JUST AIM part of the Just War Theory? | 'Good Aim' There must be a good aim when going to war (e.g. establish peace/democracy) |
| What the the REASONABLE CHANCE OF SUCCESS part of the Just War Theory? | Otherwise, going to war would be wasteful (e.g. Loss of lives) |
| What the the PROPORTIONATE part of the Just War Theory? | Excessive force should not be used and there should be no killing of innocent civilians |
| What the the LAST RESORT part of the Just War Theory? | Every alternative should have been tried (e.g. peace talks) |
| What is Pacifism? | The belief that it is unacceptable to take part in war and any other form of violence |
| What is the Quakers example of Pacifism? | They refused to fight in the world wars, instead, they offered to be ambulance drivers |
| What is the Martin Luther King example of Pacifism? | Wanted equal rights for black people, achieving it peacefully through non-violent methods such as speeches and marches |
| What are conscientious objectors? | People who refuse to fight in particular wars if they do not believe they are justified |
| "Terrorism can never be considered a just war" Give a case study FOR | 9/11 -Not Proportionate -Not a Just Aim -Not a Last Resort -Not declared by a Proper Authority |
| "Terrorism can never be considered a just war" Give a case study AGAINST | Nelson Mandela -Was a Last Resort -Had a Just Aim -Had a Just Cause |
| What is nuclear warfare? | A war in which the participants use nuclear weapons |
| What is the first example of Nuclear Warfare? | August 1945: USA dropped atomic bombs on Japan, 1000.000 died immediately, and many more died from radiation |
| What is Nuclear Proliferation? | The increase in the number of countries that have the potential to use nuclear weapons |
| Name TWO arguments FOR Nuclear Warfare | -It may shorten war, and lead to less loss of life -Advances in technology means that the damage caused by nuclear weapons can be more restricted than in the past |
| Name FIVE arguments AGAINST Nuclear Warfare | -Goes against 'Love your neighbour' -Long term environmental effects -Long term effects on humans: goes against sanctity of life -Money spent could help the poor -Pacifists believe all wars are wrong |
| What is the CND | Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament |
| What is Unilateral disarmament? | When one country agrees to get rid of their nuclear weapons |
| What is multilateral disarmament? | When many countries agree to get rid of nuclear weapons |
| Name the Christian teaching FOR War (hint: there are 2) | -The Incident in the Temple Court -Jesus has a Zealot as one of his disciples |
| Name the Christian teaching AGAINST War (hint: there are 5) | -'Thou shall not kill' -'Blessed are the Peacemakers' -'Love your neighbour as yourself' -'Do not take revenge' 'Turn the other cheek' -'Conquer evil with Good' |
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