BMS04-1038- Control of gene expression 1

Description

The reasons for regulating gene expression. The different levels of gene regulation in eukaryotes. Regulation of RNA expression during transcription initiation. cis sequences and trans acting factors. Promoter, TATA box, transcription factors. How general transcription factors and RNA Pol II bring about constitutive gene expression. Regulation by hormones. Examples of regulation of RNA expression during poly-adenylation and splicing. What happens when gene regulation is dys-regulated.
Evian Chai
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
Evian Chai
Created by Evian Chai over 4 years ago
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Question Answer
When is gene expression regulated? 1. Cell differentiation/development 2. In response to environment (food/hormones)
What is the major point of gene expression regulation? Transcription
What are transacting molecules? What do transacting molecules bind to? Molecules (usually proteins) that are synthesised by a gene other than the targetted one Bind to Cis acting elements by diffusing through cell
What type of molecule is General Transcription Factors that initiate transcription? Transacting molecule
What are regulatory sequences? Where are they located? Why are they considered "cis"? What is an example? 1. Short DNA sequences in noncoding regions that control transcription initiation 2. Cis because they act on genes on the same DNA molecule 3. TATA Box
What is the TATA Box, where is it, and what does it do? Short consensus sequence from 34-26 UPSTREAM the start codon (can be in promoter region) Positions RNA Polymerase II for transcription initiation
Where is the promoter found in relation to the coding region? What occurs at this region? The promoter is found in the 5' upstream section of the coding region The transcription initiation complex is assembled
What do general transcription factors do? Bind DNA to form the preinitiation complex+recruit RNA Polymerase II at the promoter region
What do sequence specific DNA binding TFs do? Where do they bind? enable/prevent specific promoters Upstream promoter sequence
What are two ways hormones can influence gene expression? 1. Bind to receptors on cell membrane, starting a signalling cascade 2. Bind to receptor, which translocates to nucleus to stimulate transcription initiation
How can gene expression be regulated during the polyadenylation of RNA? UIA protein binds to own mRNA to inhibit polyadenylation (negative feedback loop)
How does differential/alternative splicing of RNA allow for gene regulation? Different EXONS on same gene selectively removed to create different DNA sequences
How does fibronectin differ in the liver and fibroblasts? Fibroblasts make ADHESIVE fibronectin that sticks to ECM Liver makes fibronectin w adhesive properties spliced out, so can circulate in body
Why does gene expression need to be controlled? Wasteful to make unneeded proteins
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