22089847
Description
Flashcards by Laura Joyce, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Laura Joyce
over 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the definition of a priori? | Knowledge independent from experience |
| What is Summun Bonum? | The greatest good |
| What is good will? | Following your duty |
| What does deontological mean? | Decisions made by rules |
| What does Categorical mean? | Something you ought to do |
| What does hypothetical mean? | If you want X to happen then do Y |
| What is a maxim? | A rule |
| Who was Immanuel Kant? | A 19th century thinker who was part of the European Enlightenment. He rebelled against his Lutheran upbringing. He was a professor of Logic and Metaphysics and a creature of habit, the locals set their watches by the time of his daily walk |
| What was the European Englighenment? | An attempt to over throw authority and superstition and to deal with the world based on human reason. Reason should lead not religion |
| What is Kant's key issue? | Discovering key basis for one's duty and then devising a principle that determines what is right and wrong |
| What was Kant influenced? | Science and empirical evidence The Copernican revolution: Earth moves around the Sun |
| What did the Copernican Revolution lead Kant to? | Seeing that we do not know things as they actually are, we see things as they appear to us. This is because of the way that our senses function |
| What does causality cause us to do? | Look for the cause when we feel something. Kant says it shapes our sensations so that we experience the world this way |
| What is causality to Kant? | A part of the structure of the mind |
| What is the law of causality? | An a priori law of the mind that shapes the way we experience what is around us |
| According to Kant, can we ever know what the world actually is? | No because it is a phenomenon/appearance What appears to us could be different to what the world actually is |
| What did Kant say about moral choice? | We all know what it means to have a moral obligation (something that we ought to do despite the consequences) |
| What did Kant say was possible using morality? | Giving a systematic account of the moral duties we have and what they are founded upon (principles) This is based on reason so it is universal |
| Why is rationality important? | Being a rational being is important because it makes up our intrinsic dignity. Our ability to reason is important. |
| What does Kant say reason is? | An "innate and intellectual power existing more or less equally in all men, it enables the individual to resolve problems in a way, more or less acceptable to everyone" |
| Kant says that everyone's reason is basically the ____ | Kant says that everyone's reason is basically the SAME |
| What helps us to determine the objective wrong and right? | Moral reason. We know what is right by using our reasons, not relying on facts or an intuition |
| Why does Kant say that we should do the right thing? | Simply because it is right, not because of our emotions or it meets our own desires |
| How is a moral maxim tested? | By asking whether everyone should always follow it. If not, then the act should not be done |
| For Kant, moral judgements are not ________ or __________ | For Kant, moral judgements are not RELATIVE or SUBJECTIVE |
| Is Kantian ethics criticised by modern deontology? Why or why not? | Yes because it is too absolute However his theory is still influential |
| How is duty emphasised in Kantian ethics? | We have a duty to act morally (follow the moral law) It is not acting out of compassion or natural tendency (inclination) |
| How does duty make Kantian ethics deontological? | Kantian ethics is absolute because Kant says that we should do our duty, because it is our duty to do so |
| Why is Kantian ethics deontological? | It starts with experience of a moral ought It inspects rational principles that determine what is moral or immoral (right or wrong) |
| What four things make it a deontological theory | We should obey rules because they are good Sense of duty/Obligation Not dependent on consequences Looks at the nature of the act in itself |
| Kantian ethics starts with the phenomenon of ____ ____ and celebrates what can be achieved by using _____ ______ | Kantian ethics starts with the phenomenon of GOOD WILL and celebrates what can be achieved using HUMAN REASON |
| For Kant, if i act morally what am I showing? | I would be showing freedom or autonomy of will |
| Quote about Good will | "It is impossible to conceive of anything in all the world which can be taken as good without qualification, expect a good will. Good will is like a jewel, it should shine by its own light, AS A THING WHICH HAS ITS OWN VALUE IN ITSELF |
| Criticism/counter argument | There is not a sense of duty and people only act to achieve their own end result. They look after themselves as a basic instinct |
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