biology 9.1 genetic diversity

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AS - Level AS Biology (unit 2 - 09. genetic diversity) Flashcards on biology 9.1 genetic diversity, created by Charlotte Hewson on 19/03/2015.
Charlotte Hewson
Flashcards by Charlotte Hewson, updated more than 1 year ago
Charlotte Hewson
Created by Charlotte Hewson over 9 years ago
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Question Answer
what specifically makes organisms different? proteins
what determines the variety of proteins? DNA
what causes genetic diversity? differences in DNA
what is an allele? a variation of the same gene.
what is an example of what a gene then an allele may code for? gene - iris allele - colour of iris
what is it about alleles that makes species (and their individuals) different from each other? the combination of alleles
what does a greater number of different alleles lead to? greater genetic diversity of that species
what does greater genetic diversity allow that species to do? the species will be more likely to adapt to an environmental change
what are three factors that influence genetic diversity? -selective breeding -the founder effect -genetic bottlenecks
what is another term for selective breeding? artificial selection
what is selective breeding? identifying individuals with desired characteristics and using them to parent the next gen.
what happens to offspring without desired characteristics? killed or prevented from breeding
what does killing or preventing those with undesirable characteristics do? alleles for unwanted characteristics are bred out of the population
what does this restricted variety of alleles lead to? a population which only has the desired characteristics but leads to reduced genetic diversity
how does the founder effect occur? when a few individuals from a population colonise a new region.
what feature does this new colony show? less genetic diversity
when is the founder effect commonly seen? when a volcanic island emerges and the few individuals that colonise it give rise to a new population that is genetically distinct from the populations left behind
what may happen to the new populations? they could develop into a new species
what id less likely to happen to these new populations? adapt to changing conditions due to reduced alleles
what is a genetic bottleneck? a species may suffer as steep drop in numbers. the few survivors posses a smaller variety of alleles, reducing genetic diversity. as they breed, genetic diversity remains restricted.
what can cause a genetic bottleneck? natural factors - volcanic eruption human factors - hunting
what is an example of a species that underwent this? the northern elephant seal
what is an ethical issue with selective breeding? -interferes with nature. -natural selection has been successful for millions of years. -do other species have rights?
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