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Description
Flashcards by Georgiabeth98, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Georgiabeth98
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is one of the Biological Approaches to Abnormality? | Genes- we inherit mental illness. People who are related to someone with a mental illness are more likely to get one too. MZ twins had a concordance rate of 56%, whereas DZ twins were only 5% when Holland looked at anorexia. |
| What is the Psychodynamic approach to Abnormality? | - Freud thought that our unconscious mind influences our behaviour. in our unconscious mind we have unpleasant thoughts and feelings that we find too painful to think about. |
| ...psychodynamic approach contined | -Early childhood experiences cause mental illness disorders because the Ego is not developed. Children deal with traumas by repression, and the repressed memories can cause psychological problems in later life. - We develop in psycho-sexual stages, and at each stage there is a conflict we need to resolve. |
| What is the Behavioural Approach to Abnormality? | - We use either classical conditioning, operant conditioning or social learning. |
| What is Classical Conditioning? | Where we learn by forming an association between something. |
| What is Operant Conditioning? | Where behaviour is shaped by consequences and being rewarded/punished. |
| What is Social Learning? | When you obsevre someone's behaviour and if they're rewarded for their behaviour, you are more likely to copy that behaviour in hope of getting a reward too. |
| What is the Cognitive Approach to Abnormality? | Abnormality is caused by faulty thinking and irrational thoughts. This approach believes that a person is in complete control of their own thoughts, so this means they are able to control their own abnormality. |
| What did Ellis Develop? (cognitive approach) | The ABC Model: Activating event Belief Consequence . |
| What did Beck say About the Cognitive Approach? | That this approach can be used to explain depression. It is because a person has negative thoughts about three things: World- everyone hates me Future- I'll never achieve anything Themselves- I'm useless |
| Strengths of the Biological Approach to Abnormality | 1) The biological approach has led to successful treatments; such as drug treatments that alter the body's biochemistry 2) It is testable and is supported by lots of research, e.g. PET scans can measure brain activity and blood tests can measure chemicals |
| Limitations of the Biological Approach to Abnormality | 1) It is reductionist and tries to reduce the cause of the disorder to its simplest form 2) It can lead to the labelling of patients 3) It removes the blame from the individual. But it encourages the person to become more passive and hand over responsibility to the doctor for their health |
| Strengths of the Psychodynamic Approach to Abnormality | 1) It has lead to successful treatments, which are effective because the therapist tries to get access to what's going on in the unconscious mind of the patient. 2) The theory has changed the way people think about mental disorders because people are encouraged to talk about them |
| 4 Limitations of the Psychodynamic Approach to Abnormality | 1) It's difficult to test scientifically because we cannot see the ID, EGO and SUPEREGO, and they operate on an unconscious level. 2) Freud never studied any children so it is hard to generalise his findings. 3) SEXISM- Freud emphasised his theories on boys- common for women to be ignored at the time 4) His approach is deterministic- behaviour determined on unconscious mind/childhood experiences- free will does not apply/ |
| 3 Strengths of the Behavioural Approach to Abnormality | 1) The approach has led to therapies that have been successful. 2) Recognises the importance of environment 3) The approach can be tested scientifically |
| 4 Limitations of the Behavioural Approach to Abnormality | 1) The approach is reductionist because it minimises the role of internal processes, such as thoughts and feelings. 2) There is evidence that people who suffer from depression have distorted thinking patterns and these would be difficult to explain with this approach 3) It ignores biological factors 4) Explaining how someone gets a phobia isn't always possible |
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