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Description
Flashcards by Abbie Gray , updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Abbie Gray
over 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| B1.2 What happens in cells | DNA -it is genetic material that is a polymer. -it is found in the nucleus - a large and complex molecule |
| Description of DNA -made up of two strands that form a DOUBLE HELIX. -have complimentary base pair of A and T, C and G. -has strong covalent bonds and a sugar phosphate backbone. | DNA also can create Chromosomes (which are thread made up of DNA.) Chromosomes are made up of genes. |
| Genes -these are small sections of DNA -they code for a specific sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein. -they can be copied and can be passed on to the next generation. | Enzymes are BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS that break substances down. E.g carbs, proteins and lipids. LOCK AND KEY. METHOD |
| Enzymes -each enzyme has a specific active sit so it can bond to a specific substrate or substrates. | Factors affecting enzyme action. -low temperatures decrease the number of collisions and molecular movement. -high temperatures change the active site which causes it to denature. |
| . Amino acids. -amino acid chains can form enzymes -they have strong forces to hold it together and create its shape. High temperatures break the forces. Causing it to change shape. | |
| Affects of pH -each enzyme works best at a certain pH. -e.g enzymes in digestive system work best at 7.0pH-7.4pH. -amino acids have charges and changing pH affects the charge. - cashing it’s shape to change | Once the enzymes reaches its optimum pH. It becomes denatured and won’t break down substrates. |
| Substrate concentration. -enzymes work best when there are plenty of substrates available. Increased concentration= increased enzyme activity. Enzyme concentration. - Increased activity= more substrates broken down. | Sometimes the substrates or enzymes can exceed the others amount. Therefore, the enzyme may run out of substrates to break down or have too many. This will slow the reaction. |
| Rate of reaction =amount of reactant used or product formed divided by time taken - the time it takes for a reaction to take place. -every reaction has different speeds. | Increasing rate of reaction -temperature increased -Using a catalyst -solid pieces being made smaller - pressure of reacting gas increased -concentration increased. |
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