2572572
Description
Flashcards by Charlotte Hewson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Charlotte Hewson
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| what is adaptation? | through the process of natural selection, organisms adjust to suit the changing environment in which they live |
| what is one of the most diverse and adaptable groups of organisms? | bacteria |
| what is this ability shown through? | their ability to develop resistance to antibiotics |
| where does diversity in organisms come from? | changes to its DNA |
| what 2 ways do these changes occur? | -changing quaternary structure of its DNA (mutation) -recombining existing DNA of 2 individuals. occurs during sexual reproduction |
| what is one other way diversity can be increased? | conjugation |
| what is conjugation? | the recomobination of DNA of 2 individuals, yet not strictly sexual reproduction |
| what are mutations? | changes in DNA that result in different characteristics |
| what is an example of how a mutation may arise? | one or more bases may be added, deleted or replaced during replication. |
| what may this result in? | a different sequence of amino acids, which will cause a different polypeptide and hence a different protein, or no protein at all |
| what would disrups metabolic pathway? | if this protein was an enzyme |
| when does conjugation occur? | when one bacterial cell transfers DNA to another bacterial cell |
| what happens at stage 1? | conjugation tube forms |
| what happens at stage 2? | plasmid of donor cell starts to replicate |
| what is the 3rd stage? | replicated plasmid starts to move through conjugation tube |
| what happens at stage 5? | linear strand enters recipient cell |
| what happens in the final stage? | linear strand forms a circle - new plasmid |
| what are the two types of gene transmission? | horizontal and vertical |
| what is horizontal gene transmission? | in conjugation, DNA in the form of genes can be passed from one species to another species |
| what is vertical gene transmission? | genes are passed down from one species to the next generation of the same species |
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