2633040
Description
Flashcards by kerryrandfield, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kerryrandfield
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| METABOLIC RATE | quantity of energy consumed per unit time |
| WAYS OF MEASURING METABOLIC RATE | > O2 consumption (per unit time) > CO2 production (per unit time) > energy/ heat production (per unit time) |
| SINGLE CIRCULATION | eg. fish > 1 atrium, 1 ventricle > blood passes through heart once in a cycle of the body > low blood pressure in body = inefficient |
| INCOMPLETE DOUBLE CIRCULATION | eg. reptile / amphibian > 2 atria, 1 ventricle > oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix > these animals are ectotherms, do not require as high a metabolic rate > reptiles have a septum partly separating the ventricle > amphibians can absorb oxygen through moist skin lining |
| EFFECTIVE GAS EXCHANGE REQUIRES.. | > large surface area > thin surface > moist surface so gases can easily dissolve > good blood supply |
| GAS EXCHANGE IN BIRDS | Takes place in parabronchi |
| PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTIONS OF DEEP SEA MAMMALS | > heart rate can be slowed down to conserve oxygen - less oxygen required by cardiac muscle > lungs designed to partially collapse, air is compressed, making it easier to sink (energy not wasted swimming down) |
| VO2 MAX | maximum volume of oxygen that an individuals body can take up and use during exercise |
| REGULATORS | organisms able to alter their metabolic rate and maintain a steady state by employing physiological mechanisms > can have a high energy cost |
| CONFORMERS | organisms unable to alter their metabolic rate, they are dependent on their external environment |
| PREDICTIVE DORMANCY | when an organism becomes dormant before the arrival of adverse conditions |
| CONSEQUENTIAL DORMANCY | when an organism becomes dormant after the arrival of adverse conditions > they can exploit resources for longer > sudden severe changes in conditions can kill |
| STATE OF HIBERNATION | > metabolic rate drops > body temp drops > heart rate slows > breathing rate slows |
| AESTIVATION | form of dormancy used by some animals to survive periods of excessive HEAT OR DROUGHT |
| DAILY TORPOR | > reduction in metabolic rate for part of every 24 hours > used by birds because they have very high metabolic rates so having energy consumption so high during the night is not efficient |
| EXTREMOPHILE | organism that lives in extreme conditions |
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