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| Question | Answer |
| Diffusion | the movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration until they are spread out evenly |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water the passage of water molecules from a dilute solution into a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane |
| Active transport | the uptake of particles by cells against a concentration gradient. Needs energy. |
| Factors that affect rate of movement of subtances into and out of cells | Surface Area to Volume ratio Temperature Concentration gradient |
| Surface Area to Volume ratio | with a large SA:V ratio, more food and oxygen can be absorbed (through the surface) in order for the cell to respire therefore, the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells increases |
| Temperature | When temperature increases, collisions between particles occur more frequently as they gain more kinetic energy therefore, the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells increases |
| Concentration gradient | Particles move faster down a steep concentration gradient (high to low) |
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