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Flashcards by Tyler Jeanneret, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Tyler Jeanneret
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Amendment | A change to a document, specifically the Constitution. These can add or remove laws. |
| Assimilate | To become like something else, like when white colonists tried to assimilate native americans to their way of life. |
| Bias | Being on a certain side, normally in a situation where you are supposed to be neutral. |
| Bicameral | Having two houses, such as the American Congress, with a House of Representatives and the Senate. |
| Blockade | To stop or block incoming and outgoing movement from a place. This also includes supplies and shipments. |
| Boomtown | A town that suddenly grows very fast, normally because of economical growth. This could be from a gold rush or profitable businesses. |
| Capitalism | The style of economy with everyone having the ability to do as they please, but there is also competition from everyone else. This leads to better products and consumer profit. |
| Captain of Industry | A businessman who got his riches from his smarts and skills, and is also an entrepreneur. |
| Checks and Balances | When one branch of the government is able to control the other two in some way, and all three branches are able to control the others. |
| Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government. They create and write laws, and are made up of 2 houses, the House of Representatives, and the Senate. | |
| Due Process of Law | This is a law instituted in the 5th amendment, and gives all citizens the same treatment when arrested, no matter their standing or riches. |
| Economics | Having to do with money or business |
| Emancipated | To become free |
| Enfranchise | To give the right to vote to someone |
| Enumerated | Listed exactly |
| Federalism | When power is divided between the local, state, and federal government, each having seperate jobs. |
| Forty-niners | People that rushed to California for the gold rush, called such because it was during the year 1849. |
| Free Enterprise | The right for businesses to exist for profit without the government heavily regulating them. |
| Habeas Corpus | The right to fair trial and a trial by judge and jury. |
| Industry | Processing raw materials into a good |
| Judicial | The branch of government that interprets the laws, and is made up of the Supreme Court. |
| Ku Klux Klan | A group formed shortly after the Civil War in Pulaski, Tennessee. This group used violence to spread their message of white supremacy. |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that America was destined to stretch from coast to coast, and was a time period when people migrated west. |
| Martyr | Someone who dies for their beliefs, and are known for it. |
| Monopoly | Having sole control over a section of industry, and being the only place to get a certain product, normally achieved by buying out or "getting rid of" all other competition. |
| Nomadic | When a civilization or society does not have a set home, but instead travels depending on the time, season, or movement of food. |
| Override | Having authority that goes above someone else's, much like how Congress can override a veto by getting a 2/3 majority. |
| Popular Sovereignty | The ideal that the power of the government comes from the people, and that without the people the government would be nothing |
| Ratify | To make and have it take effect, such as a bill |
| Radical | Having views that are much more extreme than most others |
| Republicanism | When the government and people are ruled by representatives of the people, not self-elected individuals |
| Robber Baron | A rich businessman who used underhand and sneaky tactics to gain his wealth, and often gained said wealth at the detriment of other businesses and employees |
| Rural | Farming area, or area outside the urban and suburban section of a town |
| Separation of Powers | The powers of the government are divided into 3 equal parts, the Judicial, Legislative, and Executive branches. |
| Social Darwinism | Applying Darwinism to people and social settings, namely that the most fit, intellectual, and adaptable person will survive and prosper while those less fit will fail. |
| Suffrage | The right to vote |
| Supreme Court | Otherwise known as the Judicial branch, they are in charge of interpreting the laws, and judge on cases that have national importance. |
| Tariff | A tax on an imported or exported product |
| Taxation without Representation | This was the cause the colonies claimed their independence for. They were getting taxed on many different things, and they had no say in the government to stop or change these taxes. |
| Trade Union | When a group of workers join together to try and get better pay, working conditions, or benefits. |
| Urban | The city and production part of a civilization, as opposed to the suburban and urban areas. |
| Veto | To say no to, the right the president has for any bill that he is asked to sign |
| Thomas Jefferson | Writer of the Decleration of Independance and a founding father, he eventually became the 3rd president of the United States. |
| Andrew Jackson | The 7th president of the United States, he is famous for his victories in the Battle of 1812. There is also much infamy because of his decision to force all native americans out of Florida, causing the now famous "Trail of Tears" |
| Sacagawea | She was a guide for Lewis and Clark as they and the Corps of Discovery traveled the country, she saved their lives many times by her translating skills and sometimes simply by her presence. |
| James Polk | Otherwise known as "Mr. Manifest Destiny", he was the president that gained the most amount of land for the United States. |
| Frederick Douglass | Originally a slave, he escaped around wrote a memoir. He influenced many others, and was a leader of the Abolitionist cause. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin", she was an Abolitionist and helped her cause gain much support because of her book. |
| John Brown | An Abolitionist that wanted to end slavery with violence. He raided Harper's Ferry and attempted to arm slaves and lead a rebellion. He was later hung. |
| Robert E. Lee | He was the leader of the Confederate troops during the Civil War, and was feared for his military tactics. Only Ulysses S. Grant could match his skills, and once Lee surrendered, the Civil War was considered over. |
| Andrew Johnson | Successor to President Lincoln, Johnson sympathized with the ex-Confederate states and helped ease the transition for them, even letting many old rebels join their state's governments. |
| Susan B. Anthony | Leader of the Women's Suffrage movement, she helped lead many others and brought to light the fact that women should too have the right to vote. |
| Sitting Bull | A Native American chief, he defied the U.S. government in many battles, including the battle of Little Bighorn. He was supposedly the last Native American to give in to the American army. |
| George Custer | A general of the Civil War, he later helped in the fight against the Native American population. He and his army were killed in the Battle of Little Bighorn. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | A leader of the economy during the Gilded Age, Vanderbilt gained most of his wealth off of the blooming railroad business, which earned him billions of dollars. |
| John Rockefeller | The richest person ever to live, he gained his fortune during the Gilded Age, where he saw the opportunity of fossil fuel and oil in the expanding industrialized America. His ownership of this oil and his many monopolies earned him billions of dollars. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Originally a poor man, he saw that the future held bright promise for steel. He used a newly discovered way to mass-produce steel cheaply, and so gained himself a large fortune during the Gilded Age. |
| Jamestown | The first permanent colony created in America, it was funded by Europe and almost failed, were it not for the Native Americans teaching them ways to grow crops. |
| Plymouth | The colony founded by the Pilgrims, a group of Quakers seeking religious freedom. This was the 2nd permanent colony, and was the site of the first Thanksgiving. |
| Lexington and Concord | The places where the first official battles of the Revolutionary war was fought. British forces were sent to take a hidden cache of weapons, and a local militia defeated them, kicking off a full scale war. |
| Erie Canal | This canal allowed things to be transported on the new steamboats, and was a sign of the begining of transportation in the U.S. |
| The Alamo | An American fort in Texas, it was overrun and the inhabitants killed by Mexican soldiers. This sparked the Mexican-American war, and "Remember the Alamo" was used as a battle cry for many Texan soldiers. |
| Harper's Ferry | At this location, the largest store of Federal weapons was held. Abolitionist John Brown lead a raid here to try and liberate the weapons to arm slaves. |
| Fort Sumter | First official battle of the Civil War. Confederate forces bombed Fort Sumter, no casualties occurred however. |
| Gettysburg | The location the bloodiest day occurred in the Civil War. This was a big victory for the Union, and possibly turned the war towards their favor. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | It was in this location Robert E. Lee official surrendered, and this is considered the end of the Civil War. |
| Ford's Theater | At this location, President Abraham Lincoln was shot and killed. This was just days after the end of the Civil War. |
| Promontory Point, Utah | At this location, the giant railroad systems of the east and west met, and trains were now able to reach from coast to coast. |
| Ellis Island and Angel Island | These were the locations new immigrants to the U.S. would originally come. They would be tested for any diseases, then released into New York, where they were allowed to start a life in any way they like. |
| Declaration of Independance | This was a letter sent to King George the Third declaring the 13 colonies' independence from Britain. It was signed by the Founding Fathers, and was considered treason. |
| Revolutionary War | This was the war fought between the newly formed United States of America and Britain. The U.S. was fighting for its freedom and eventually won it, while Britain fought for them back. This war was also won by the help of the French. |
| Articles of Confederation | The original Constitution, it was a list of laws and rules for the nation to follow. It soon failed, because of its inability to enforce its own laws. |
| Great Compromise | This is what eventually created a 2 house Congress, as small states like Rhode Island wanted senators to be selected evenly for each state. Large states such as Pennsylvania wanted states senators to be selected by population. A compromise was reached by having 2 houses, one with 2 senators from each state, and the other selected by the state's population. |
| Passing of the Constitution | The Constitution was passed after much trouble. One party wanted to make sure citizens had certain rights, and so demanded a Bill of Rights. The other wanted the government to be very controlling. Eventually the two sides agreed and the Constitution was passed. The Bill of Rights was later added. |
| Louisiana Purchase | President Thomas Jefferson made a deal with Napoleon Bonaparte for a large stake of land west of the colonies. French was desperate for money, and so sold the land for an extremely low amount, around 4 cents an acre in today's money. |
| Missouri Comprise | Because of disagreements about human slavery, people were afraid of one side gaining too much power in government or other places. To satisfy the pro-slavery states, a law was passed that any new states above Missouri would be free, and any below would be pro-slavery states. |
| Indian Removal Act (Trail of Tears) | Passed by President Andrew Johnson, this act removed all Native Americans from the Florida territory. This caused thousands of Native Americans through very tough travels, and many of them died on their way to their new reservation in modern day Kansas. This is now called the Trail of Tears because of the many lives lost and tears shed. |
| Mexican-American War | Because of the secession of Texas from Mexico, America feared that Mexico may try to steal it back. This prompted a military defense, and the U.S. beat them back, claiming Texas as a new state. |
| California Gold Rush | Gold was discovered in California in 1848. Many people dreamed of going and striking rich, and so thousands and thousands flocked to California in 1849. This created many new towns, and sparked many new businesses. |
| Homestead Act | An act created by Abraham Lincoln to promote westward expansion. Plots of land were given out for free, as long as the owners farmed and continued to own the land for the next five years. |
| Industrial Revolution | This is a time in U.S. history when new machines and industries started to blossom. Towns changed from agricultural and rural to urban, industrial cities. |
| Underground Railroad | A system of hideouts and safe houses that was used by many slaves escaping North. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | The first meeting concerning women's rights, it was the beginning of the Suffrage movement and brought into light the treatment of women in society. |
| Compromise of 1850 | An act passed during the Abolition age, it was made attempting to pacify the southern states. It greatly strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act, and outlawed the slave market in D.C.. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | This law repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to be able to vote on their decision of pro or anti slavery. This later caused much violence. |
| Dred Scott V. Sandford | This was a Supreme Court case which eventually decided that slaves and African Americans were not considered citizens, and so had no rights. |
| Fugitive Slave Act | This act allowed southern slave owners to find and capture slaves that had run away, and many other things that allowed the recapturing of slaves to be easier. |
| Bleeding Kansas | Because of the Kansas-Nebraska act, much was riding on the vote in Kansas on whether they would be a free or pro-slave state. Many Missourians decided to use violence to influence the vote, and so threatened many citizens into voting their way. Other Kansans decided to end this and fought back. This led to the sacking and burning of Lawrence, and other violent acts. |
| Civil War | This was a war fought between the United States and the Confederate States. The Confederacy wanted slavery and their own way of life, and so broke off of the Union. The U.S. fought back against this, and the war between the two factions continued for many years. Eventually, the United States gained victory and forced the Confederacy to dissolve, taking back the states. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | This was a law passed by Abraham Lincoln freeing all slaves in states currently in rebellion. This greatly helped the Union's cause, as they now had new reinforcements consisting of the now free slaves. This also outraged the South. |
| Civil War Draft Riots | Because of the need to win the war, President Lincoln instituted the Draft, forcing all of-age men to fight in the war, unless they could hire a substitute. This outraged many people, and riots and mobs started. These mobs attacked both draft offices and homes of those rich enough to hire someone to go for them. |
| Gettysburg Address | This was a speech given by Abraham Lincoln at the dedication of the Gettysburg Cemetery at the location of the Battle of Gettysburg. It was fairly short, but contained a powerful message of courage and the fact they needed to win this war. |
| Reconstruction | This was the period after the Civil War where the country was trying to repair itself. During this time, the south was kept under heavy guard until laws later changed it, and rights for blacks were heavily skewed. Andrew Johnson was the president during the majority of this period, and made many controversial laws. The KKK was also founded during this period. |
| Civil War Amendments | These are 3 amendments created shortly after the Civil War, and are called such because they represent all the war was fought for. The 13th amendment abolished the practice of slavery forever in the U.S. The 14th amendment made all african americans official citizens. The 15th amendment gave all black males the right to vote. |
| Completion of Transcontinental Railroad | The Transcontinental Railroad was completed at Promontory Point, Utah. There were large train networks in both the east and the west, and this network met in Utah. Goods and people could now be shipped anywhere in the U.S. from any location. |
| Indian Wars | This was a war fought by the American Army against the Native American population. They did not want to give up their land and their way of life, and so disagreed when Americans tried to force them to. After violence broke out, a full scale war started. The Indians, led by Sitting Bull, fought against the U.S. army and tried to preserve their way of life. They were eventually overwhelmed and forced to assimilate to modern day traditions, or move into reservations. |
| Gilded Age | This was a time during American history where the rich got even richer and the poor got even poorer. Many of the richest people ever appeared during this time, including Rockefeller and Carnegie. The icons of this age were either Robber Barons or Captains of Industry, depending on what facts you look at. Many businesses created during this time still exist today. The first ever monopolies in U.S. history also occurred during this time, forcing the government to get involved and break them up. |
| Populist Party | This was a party that opposed Republicans because they felt they were too involved and influenced by the rich men of the time. It was founded in Kansas, and got many officials elected, including the governor of Kansas and a number of mayors. The party eventually merged with the Democratic party, and no longer exists. |
| Plessy V. Ferguson | This was a Supreme Court case involving black rights. Plessy had boarded a white only train car and said he was black. He said that it violated the 13th and 14th amendments. The Court ruled that segregation of facilities and other things was legal as long as they were equal. |
| Adding the Bill of Rights | The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. These are the rights all citizens have, and they can not be changed by the government. Federalists did not want a Bill of Rights because they believed it was not needed, while Anti-Federalists believed that there was too much danger not having rights set forth at the beginning promising certain rights to citizens. Anti-Federalists eventually won, and the Bill of Rights was added. |
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