26953446
Description
Flashcards by Spyros Krinis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Spyros Krinis
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| what are the 3 Membrane Lipids | Phospholipids, Glycolipids (5%), Cholesterol (20%) |
| Phospholipids | lollipop-shaped with polar head that is charged and is hydrophilic and an uncharged, nonpolar tail that is made of two fatty acid chains and is hydrophobic |
| Membrane Proteins and the 2 types | allows cell to communicate with enviroment integral and peripheral |
| Integral Proteins and some functions | can be on one side or span the whole memrain. are involved in transport and are channels or act as carriers that bind to a substance and then move it through the membrane. Some transmembrane proteins are enzymes. Still others are receptors for hormones or other chemical messengers |
| Peripheral Proteins and some functions | attach loosely to integral proteins and are easily removed without disrupting the membrane. Some helps support the membrane from its cytoplasmic side, are enzymes, motor proteins involved in mechanical functions, or linking cells together |
| Glycocalyx | Bascally sugar coating on the cell. Act as markers other cells can recognise |
| the 3 Cell Junctions | Tight Junctions, Desmosomes, Gap Junctions |
| Tight Junctions | Impermeable junctions that form continuous seals around the cells prevent molecules from passing through the intercellular space. |
| Desmosomes | Anchoring junctions that bind adjacent cells together act like molecular Velcro and also help form an internal tension-reducing network of fibers |
| Gap Junctions | Communicating junctions that allow ions and small molecules to pass are particularly important for communication in heart cells and embryonic cells. |
| Diffusion | tendency of molecules or ions to move from an area where they are in higher concentration to an area where they are in lower concentration |
| Types of diffusion | simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis |
| simple diffusion | substances diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer |
| facilitated diffusion | use Integral Proteins to transition through the cell membrain (Carrier-mediated or Channel-mediated) |
| osmosis | The diffusion of a solvent, such as water, through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Tonicity | ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells internal water vol-ume |
| Hypertonic | have a higher concentration of non-penetrating solutes outside the cell (it will shrink as water moves out) |
| Isotonic | have the same concentrations |
| Hypotonic | have a higher concentration of non-penetrating solutes insde the cell (it will expand as water moves in) |
| Active Transport | move molecules like Na+ outside the cell using ATP (Primary Active Transport and Secondary Active Transport) |
| Primary Active Transport | Consumes ATP to move stuff out of the cell (sodium-potassium pump) |
| Secondary Active Transport | Can use primary transport to store energy outside the cell which can then be let back in when needed |
| Vesicular Transport | moving large particles (Endocytosis, Exocytosis) |
| Endocytosis | move stuff into the cell (Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Receptor-mediated endocytosis) |
| Key players in membrain potential | K+ in the main player with Na+ also playing a small role |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum and the types | Rough (form proteins from ribosomes) and smooth (create enzymes to catalize reations) |
| Golgi Apparatus | package the proteins and lipids made at the rough ER and destined for export from the cell |
| Peroxisomes | sacks containing enzymes oxidases (detoxify harmful) and catalases (convert stuff to water) to detoxify stuff |
| Lysosomes | containe digestive enzymes that break down particles entering cell |
| Cytoskeleton and the 3 components | skeleton of the cell (Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, Microtubules) |
| Centrosome and Centrioles | center of the cell that tries to create microtubules and organises stuff |
| what is chromatin | bumpy threads made of 30% DNA, 60% globular histone proteins, and 10% RNA |
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