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Description
Flashcards by Elif Erdogan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Elif Erdogan
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Exponential/Geometric Growth | If there is no limiting factors that slows down the growth and the growth is exponential |
| Density-Depending Limiting Factors | They are biotic. Their effect increase with increasing population size. They act as negative feedback mechanism and lead to stability or regulation of the population. |
| Internal Density Dependent | Factors within a species. Ex: limited food supply, limited availability of territories and density dependent fertility. |
| External Density Dependent | Factors affect different species. Predation and disease. |
| Density Independent Limiting Factors | Tend to be abiotic. Weather, climate, volcanic eruptions and floods are examples. Wars too |
| S Curve | >exponential growth >growth rate slows down >becomes constant *density dependent |
| Carrying Capacity (K) | Maximum population size |
| Environmental Resistance | Limits increase in numbers of the population (ex lack of food) |
| J Curves | *boom bust pattern >grows exponentially >suddenly collapse (diebacks) >Before collapsing the carrying capacity would be passed (overshoot) *fish, small mammals, microbes... |
| r-strategist | growth rate of the population >reproduce quickly >able to colonise new habitats rapidly >make opportunistic and growth rates >may exceed carrying capacity with a population crash as a result |
| k-strategist | carrying capacity of the environment >long life >slower growth >late maturity ...etc |
| Demographics | Study of the dynamics of population change |
| MED (more economically developed countries) | >industrialised nations >High GDP (gross domestic product) >population is relatively rich and individuals are unlikely to starve through poverty >low population growth rates |
| LED (low economically developed countries) | >less industrialized or have hardly any industry at all >they have natural capital but they are tend to be exported and processed in MEDs. >low GDP and higher poverty rates >high population growth rate >more people are poor with low standards of livings |
| Human Population and Environment | >more people require more resources >more people produce more waste >control population increase and you control resource demand >Population control and sustainability are intrinsically linked |
| Crude Birth Rate | number of births per thousand individuals in a population per yer |
| Crude Death Rate | number of deaths per thousand individuals in a population a year |
| Calculating CBR or CDR | (Population size/CBR or CDR)*1000 |
| Natural Increase Rate (NIR) | (CBR-CDR)/10 |
| Doubling Rate | Time in years that it takes for a population to double in size NIR/70 |
| Population Growth | can be defined in terms of BR; doubling time and fertility rate |
| Total Fertility Rate | average number of children each women has over her lifetime |
| Fertiliy Rate | Number of births per thousand women of childbearing age. |
| Malthusian Theory | >food supply is the main reason limit to population >Population increase geometrically >food supplies increase arithmetically |
| Limitation of Malthusian Theory | >too simple >globalization is overlooked >poor people are overlooked, poor goes hungry >world community is still open >farming technology has increased |
| Boserup's Theory | >increase in population would stimulate technologists to increase food production >population increase will put people to find other sources, use more technology |
| Limitation of Boserup's Theory | >idea is based on closed community but the community is open >immigrant and emigration is not counted >overpopulation can lead to unsuitable farming techniques this can lead to desertification >population pressure does not always lead to technological innovation and development |
| When is a country overpopulated? | When they cannot afford food/health... |
| Large Family reason | >high infant and childhood mortality >Security in old age >Children are an ecenomic asset in agricultural socities >Status of women >unavailability of contraception |
| Reduce Family Size | >Provide Education >Improve Health >Provide contraception >Increase family income >Improve resource managment |
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