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Description
Flashcards by Mitch Cutts, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mitch Cutts
over 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Abdominal Cavity. | Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine; the serous membrane of the of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum. |
| Afferent pathway. | Pathway from Receptor to Control Centre A neural pathway that conducts impulses from a sense organ toward the brain or spinal cord or from one brain region to another. |
| Anatomical position. | The body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body’s sides with the palms facing forward. |
| Anatomy. | The science of body structures and the relationships among them. |
| Anterior (Ventral). | Nearer to or at the front of the body. |
| Atom. | Smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions. |
| Cell. | A combination of molecules. The basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals. |
| Control centre. | Sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from the receptors, and generates output commands when they are needed. |
| Cranial cavity. | Formed by cranial bone and contains brain. |
| Deep (Internal). | Away from the surface of the body. |
| Distal. | Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; father from the origination of a structure. |
| Posterior (Dorsal). | Nearer to or at the back of the body. |
| Effector. | Body structure that receives output from the control centre and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition. |
| Efferent pathway. | Pathway from control Centre to effectors. Impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. |
| Frontal/coronal plane. | Divides the body or an organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. |
| Homeostasis. | The condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body's internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body's many regulatory processes. |
| Inferior. | Away from the head, or the lower part of a structure. |
| Lateral. | Father from the midline. |
| Medial. | Nearer to the midline (an imaginary vertical line that divides the body into equal right and left sides). |
| Median/midsagittal plane. | When a plane passes through the midline of the body or an organ and divides it into equal right and left sides. |
| Mediastinum. | Central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and from fist rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels. |
| Molecule. | Two or more atoms joined together. |
| Negative feedback. | Reserves a change in a controlled condition. Reverses a stimulus. |
| Organ. | Structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues; they have specific functions and usually have recognisable shapes. |
| Organ System. | Consists of relates organs with a common function. |
| Organism. | Any living individual. |
| Pelvic cavity. | Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction. |
| Pericardial cavity. | A potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart. |
| Physiology. | The science of body functions - how the body parts work. |
| Pleural cavities. | A potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a lung. |
| Positive feedback. | The enhancing or amplification of an effect by its own influence on the process which gives rise to it. Enhances a stimulus. |
| Proximal. | Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure. |
| Receptor. | Body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control centre. |
| Superficial (External). | Towards or on the surface of the body. |
| Superior (Cephalic or Cranial). | Towards the head, or the upper part of a structure. |
| Thoracic cavity. | Chest cavity; contains pleural and pericardial cavities and the mediastinum. |
| Tissue. | Groups of cells and the materials surrounding the that work together to perform a particular function. |
| Transverse plane. | Divides the body or organ into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. |
| Vertebral canal. | Formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves. |
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