Question | Answer |
Which perspective to take on personality? | There are conflicting views, each has strengths and weaknesses |
Collected elements of psych theories that had strong evidence, put them in a box. Did not say how they relate | Mayer (2005) Psychology as 'organised functional unit' |
McAdams' Personality Triad | 1) Dispositional Traits 2) Characteristic Adaptations 3) Narrative identity: Life story |
McAdams' Personality Triad: Dispositional Traits | -Eysenck's E, N & P -OCEAN |
Limits of trait theories | "Psychology of the stranger" McAdams -Don't say anything about the individual, only how they're likely to respond to situations |
McAdams' Personality Triad: Characteristic Adaptations | -Personal goals & motives -Defence mechanisms & Coping strategies -Values & beliefs -Attachment & Relationship styles -Domain-specific skills & interests -etc |
McAdams' Personality Triad: Narrative Identity | "Lives viewed as narrated texts, known and 'read' as stories, framed through discourse & told in culture" McAdams -Stories central to identity & unity of self |
Changing personalities over time | -Modern personalities different to 100s of years ago -Current theories could be outdated in the future |
Cultural criticism of personality theories | Personality theories rooted in Western assumptions and values: Focus on WEIRDos (Western Educated Industrialised Rich & Democratic) |
WEIRDos | Western Educated Industrialised Rich & Democratic |
Consistency | Gets the same results across situations |
Internal Consistency | Test components correlate well ie. Cronbach's alpha of >0.7 |
Inter-rater reliability | Consistency in info found by different raters |
Test-retest reliability | Consistency over instances of testing |
Construct validity | Assessing what is intended to be assessed |
Convergent validity | Tests assessing same thing should correlate |
Divergent validity | Tests assessing different things should not correlate |
Acquiescence | Researcher wanting to give positive evaluations |
Likert scales | Strongly agree - Strongly disagree |
Fixed-choice format | Make a choice of two possible (both good or bad) descriptions of yourself -Decreases social desirability bias |
Projective testing | Tests aspects cannot be directly assessed with self-reflection eg unconscious processes. eg. Rorschach test -Big problems with validity: what does it mean? |
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