30141004
Description
Flashcards by Yamilet Rivera, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by Yamilet Rivera
over 3 years ago
|
|
| Question | Answer |
| Give two examples of verbs that have both possible roots. | 1. Perder: Yo pierdo (stressed diphthong), ella perdió (unestressed atonic ) 2. Contar: Yo cuento (stressed diphthong), él cuenta (unestressed atonic) |
| How are Spanish irregular verbs identified? | A better indicator of whether a verb belongs to the radically-changing category is its first person singular, present indicative form. |
| What is a diphthong? | It is when two vowels are in close proximity. |
| What does it mean the root vowel is raised in its form? | Pay attention to the categories at the top (anterior, central, posterior). In the example "morir" the /o/, which is semi cerrada posterior, turns to "u", which is cerrada posterior when conjugated "murió." It is similar to move levels up. |
| How Class I radically-changing Spanish verbs are classified? | The verbs that end in "ar" and "er." |
| Which are Class I verbs two possible roots? | 1. Diphthongized root which is stressed 2. Atonic root with the vowel unaltered. |
| What is the characteristic of Class I radically-changing verbs? | When the verbal root is stressed, its vowel is diphthongized (e > ie/ o > ue). Otherwise, no change occurs in the root vowel. |
| Give two examples of Class I verbs. | 1. Volar: vuelo (stressed diphtong), vuelan (stressed diphtong), volaran (unstressed atonic) 2. Pensar: piense (stressed diphthong) pensó (unstressed atonic) |
| How Class II radically-changing Spanish verbs are classified? | Verbs that end in "ir." |
| What are the characteristics of Class II radically-changing verbs? | Verbs in this group will have three possible roots: 1. The unaltered root, 2. A root with a diphthongized stressed vowel, and 3. A root showing vowel raising. |
| Which tenses would you use of the verb "preferir" to fit the characteristics of Class II verbs? | 1. Unaltered root: preferiré (future indicative) 2. Diphtong stressed vowel: prefiera (present subjunctive) 3. Raised vowel: prefiriere (future subjunctive) |
| How many rules do the Class II verbs contain? | Three |
| What is the first rule of Class II verbs? | A diphthongized root occurs when the root is stressed. Example: Mentir Indicative: Miento |
| What is the second rule of Class II verbs? | When the verbal root takes an ending containing stressed "ie," "io," or "a," its vowels "o" and "e" raise to "u" and "i" respectively. Example: 1. Pedir: pidió (root "e" turns to "i" and a diphthong is formed from "ir" to "io.") 2. Morir: murieron (root "o" turns "u" and a diphthong is formed from "ir" to "ie.") |
| What is the third rule of Class II verbs? | All other forms, those not covered by rules 1 and 2 carry the unaltered radical vowel of the infinitive. Example: 1. Pedir: pedimos 2. Morir: moriré |
| How Class III radically-changing Spanish verbs are classified? | erbs that end in "ir." |
| What are the characteristics of Class III radically-changing verbs? | They have two roots: 1. One root with the unstressed vowel unaltered and 2. The other with the radical stressed vowel raised, but for two different reasons |
| How many rules do the Class III verbs contain? | Three |
| What is the first rule of Class III verbs? | If the root vowel -e- is stressed, it is raised to -i-. Example: 1. Servir: sirve 2. Teñir: tiñendo |
| What is the second rule of Class III verbs? | When stressed ie, io, or a occur in the syllable following the root, phonological conditioning also raises the root vowel to -i-. Example: 1. Vestir: vistiendo, vestimos 2. Derretir: derritiendo, derritiera |
| What is the third rule of Class III verbs? | If the root -e- is either unstressed or if it is not followed by stressed ie, io, or a, it remains as e in all the forms since neither rule 1 nor 2 applies. Example: 1. Seguir: seguimos 2. Reseguir: reseguido |
| Is it true or false that only vowels change in Spanish irregular verbs? | It is false. Consonants also change. |
| What are the three types of irregularities manifested in consonant-change? | 1. the substitution of one stem (root) consonant for another, 2. the addition of a second consonant to the stem (root) when it ends in a consonant (velar extension) or 3. the addition of a consonant or of a second vowel plus a consonant to a final vowel in the radical (Y extensions). |
| Give two examples of consonant substitution. | There is only one productive consonant substitution process—the replacing of [Ș], written c + e/i, or z, with g. Examples: 1. Zurcir: zurzo 2. Conocer: conozco 3. Hacer: hago |
| Give an example of velar extension ending in -cer or -cir, preceded by a vowel. | Remember to change -c- to -zc- before "a" and "o." 1. Conocer: conozco 2. Padecer: padezco |
| What are the two exceptions to the previous rule? | 1. Hacer 2. Decir |
| Give three examples of velar extensions where the nasal of the stem of a verb end in -oner, -ener, or -enir and extend to -ng. | 1. Venir: vengo 2. Poner: pongo 3. Tener: tengo |
| Give to examples of velar extensions where the l of an infinitive stem is -aler or -alir and it extends to -lg- | 1. Valer: valgamos 2. Sobresalir: sobresalgo |
| Give two examples of velar extension where the "a" of the radical of verbs are infinitives ending in -aer and it extends to -aig- | 1. Caer: caigo 2. Contraer: contraigo |
| Give three examples of verbs with -Y extension. | 1. Construir: construye 2. Instruir: instruyó 3. Sustituir: sustituyeron |
| How would you explain the change from periphrastic verbs to synthetics in Spanish in the future tense? | Spanish began to postpose (place after the infinitive) the present tense forms of "haber," producing a synthetic (one word) rather than a periphrastic (more than one word) future form. Instead of saying "he de ver," now people say "veré." Instead of saying "ha de caber," now people say "cabrá" |
| What are the two verbs classified as "Suppletive Verb Forms"? | 1. Ser 2. Ir |
| What does it mean that a verb is lexically conditioned? | It means it can be used as a verb or adjective. Normally, these verbs have two forms of Past Participle. Example: 1. Freir: freído/frito Después del examen sintió que se le había freído/frito el cerebro. (verbo) Ella consumió verduras fritas durante el almuerzo. (adjetivo) |
| What does it mean that some verbs are defective and personal? | Verbs that cannot be conjugated in all three persons nor in all tenses. Examples: 1. Acontecer 2. Llover 3. Nevar 4. Tronar 5. Acontecer |
Want to create your own Flashcards for free with GoConqr? Learn more.