30647463
Description
Flashcards by Kara Biczykowski, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kara Biczykowski
over 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 1-5) programming concerns 5 steps | 1) establish goals 2) collect & analyze facts 3) uncover & test concepts 4) determine needs 5) state the problem |
| 1-4) 4 considerations (design determinants) that indicate the types of info needed to define a comprehensive architectural problem: | 1) function 2) form 3) economy 4) time |
| 1) the main idea behind programming is: 2) if programming is problem seeking, design is: 3) qualifications of programmers must be: 4) ^ vs qualifications of designers are: | 1) the search for sufficient info to clarify, understand, & state the problem 2) problem solving 3) objective & analytical, at ease w/ abstract ideas, able to evaluate info & identify important factors while postponing irrelevant material = analysis 4) subjective, intuitive, facile w/ physical concepts = synthesis |
| 1) the difference btwn programming & design is: 2) there should be a (___) btwn programming & design 3) stating the problem (the last step in problem seeking/programming) is also: | 1) the difference btwn analysis & synthesis 2) distinct separation 3) the 1st step in problem solving/design = the interface btwn the two |
| 1) 1-3 establish goals, collect & analyze facts, uncover & test concepts are primarily: 2) 4 - determine needs primarily is a: 3) 5 - state the problem primarily is: 4) of the 5 steps which are qualitative vs quantitative? | 1) a search for pertinent information 2) 4 - is a feasibility test 3) distilling what has been found 4) goals, concepts, & the problem statement are qualitative while facts & needs are quantitative |
| 5 STEPS POSE QUESTIONS: 1) GOALS - what does the client want to achieve/ why? 2) FACTS - what do we know, what is given? 3) CONCEPTS - how does the client want to achieve the goals? | 4) NEEDS - how much $$ & space, what level of quality? 5) PROBLEM - what are the significant conditions affecting the design of the bldg, what are the gen. directions the design should take? |
| 1) in practice usually working on which steps simultaneously may be necessary? 2) it's important to search for & define the WHOLE PROBLEM & must be identified in terms of: | 1) steps 1-4 & only then 5 w/ all info available 2) function / form / economy / time |
| 1) "function" concerns itself with: 2) "form" relates to the: 3) "economy" concerns the: 4)"time" has 3 classifications of past, present, future which deal with: | 1) people (# & characteristics), activities, relationships (of spaces) 2) site, enviro, quality - what you see & feel, what is there now & will be there 3) initial budget, operating costs, life cycle costs 4) influence of history, inevitability of changes, projections into the future |
| 1) programming is a two-phase process related to the: 2) schematic design depends on: 3) design development is the: | 1) two-phases of design - schematic design & design development 2) major concepts & needs, the factors that will shape the broad composition of the bldg 3) detailed development of schematic design |
| 1) one trick to avoid "data clog" aka an overload of too much info/facts is by: 2) one can assimilate any amt of info as long as it is: 3) programming is heuristic b/c: | 1) knowing when the info will be most useful - in schematic design or design development 2) pertinent, meaningful, & well organized for effective use 3) steps are not rigorously sequential, info is hardly ever precise or complete |
| 1) programmers must think in terms of: 2) teams are best when made up of both (___) & (___) types of thinkers: 3) often programming begins w/ complexity & goal is to simplify problems down to their essence, but oversimplification can happen when: | 1) objectivity - realistic view of facts w/out distortion, clear rational statements of the problem 2) holistic & atomistic ("in the details") thinkers (holistic does have certain advg's although not necessary) 3) the tendency to concentrate on a single aspect of a problem to the exclusion of all complicating factors occurs & endangers design quality |
| 1) good programming is characterized by timely & sound decision making by: 2) programmers must emphasize: 3) programmers must identify for clients those decisions that need: 4) every decision the client makes during programming: | 1) the client, not the programmer 2) the client's decisions & not their own 3) to be made prior to design 4) simplifies the design problem by reducing the number of alt design solutions to meet the program req.'s |
| 1) when a client postpones decisions, design solutions: 2) if a client cannot decide on how much $$ to spend until seeing the design: 3) to achieve effective, clear communication btwn the team: | 1) tend to be unfeasible 2) the design solution will exceed the extend of funds available & increase alt designs exponentially 3) information collected must be carefully documented, undoc. info isn't likely to be considered & evaluated by the client & designer |
| 1) project goals indicate: 2) if goals indicated what the client wants to achieve, (___) indicate how the client wants to achieve them 3) don't mix problems & solutions of different kinds, ex a social problem calls for: | 1) what the client wants to achieve & why 2) concepts 3) a social solution, you cannot solve this w/ an architectural solution |
| 1) programmatic concepts refer to abstract ideas intended as functional solutions to: 2) design concepts refer to concrete ideas intended as physical solutions to: 3) programmatic concepts relate to: 4) "convertibility" is programmatic &: | 1) clients' performance problems w/out regard to the physical response 2) clients' architectural problems 3) performance problems & design concepts to arch. problems 4) folding door is the corresponding design concept |
| 24 UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPTS 1) PRIORITY - evokes questions regarding the order of importance/ ranking of values 2) HIERARCHY - related to goal about the exercise of authority & is expressed in symbols of authority - ex office size | 3) CHARACTER - goal concerning the image the client wants to project in terms of values & generic nature of project 4) DENSITY - goal for efficient land/space use, high degrees of interaction, to respond to harsh climatic conditions |
| 24 UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPTS 5) SERVICE GROUPING - centralized or decentralized, evaluate gains/risks, final location should implement a specific goal 6) ACTIVITY GROUPING - integrated or compartmentalized, closely related activities needing interaction vs degrees of privacy/security needed | 7) PEOPLE GROUPING - look for concepts derived from the physical, social, emotional characteristics of ppl - need for individuals, small groups, large groups 8) HOME BASE - related to territoriality - an easily defined place where a person can maintain his or her individuality |
| 24 UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPTS 9) RELATIONSHIPS - the correct interrelation of spaces promotes efficiencies & effectiveness of ppl & their activities, "functional affinities" is the most common programmatic concept | 10) COMMUNICATIONS - to promote effective exchange of info/ideas may call for networks or patterns of comm. 11) NEIGHBORS - will the project be completely independent or is there mutual desire to be interdependent 12) ACCESSIBILITY - can 1st time visitors find entrance, handicapped provisions, single/ multi entrances |
| 24 UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPTS 13) SEPARATED FLOW - goal for segregation may relate to ppl, to cars, to ppl & cars circulation w/ one another 14) MIXED FLOW - common social spaces like town sq/bldg lobby for multidirection/purpose interaction | 15) SEQUENTIAL FLOW - the progression of ppl (ex museum) or things (factory) must be carefully planned 16) ORIENTATION - provide a bearing/ pt of reference in a place to prevent a feeling of being lost |
| 24 UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPTS 17) FLEXIBILITY - expansibility, convertibility, & versatility 18) TOLERANCE - concept may add space to program, is it a particular space tailored for a static activity, a loose fit for a dynamic activity? | 19) SAFETY - which major ideas will implement the goal for life safety, refer to codes & safety precautions 20) SECURITY CTRLS - degree varies depending on potential loss, used to protect property & guide personnel movement |
| 24 UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPTS 21) ENERGY CONSERVATION - A) keep heated area to a min / B) keep heat-flow to a min both via passive design 22) ENVIRO CTRLS - what ctrls for air temp, light, sound will be req.'d to provide for ppl comfort inside & outside - climate/sun analysis needed | 23) PHASING - will it be req.'d for const. to complete project on a time-&-cost sch. if it was infeasible in initial analysis, or is urgency for occ. date determining need for concurrent sch or linear sch 24) COST CTRL - search for economy ideas that lead to realistic preview of costs & a balanced budget to meet extend of available funds |
| 1) distinguishing needs from: 2) step 4 (determining needs) is an economic feasibility test to see if a budget: 3) the best balance is achieved when all 4 elements are negotiable to some extent: | 1) wants is important w/ the client 2) can be determined, or a fixed one balanced 3) space of req.'s, quality of const., money budget, time (at least 1 must be negotiable for success) |
| 1) a client's functional needs have a direct bearing on: 2) ^allowance must be made for reasonable bldg efficiency expressed by: 3) proposed quality of const. is expressed: 4) a realistic escalation factor must be included to cover the time: | 1) space req.'s generated by ppl & activities 2) net areas to gross areas 3) in quantitative terms as cost per sq ft 4) lag btwn programming & mid-const. |
| 1-3) phasing of const. may be considered as an alternative when: 4) cost ctrl begins with: 5) first-phase programming for schematic design req.'s (___) & second-phase programming for design develop. req.'s: | 1) the initial budget is limited 2) funds are available over a period of time 3) functional needs are expected to grow 4) programming 5) schematic cost estimates / more detailed estimates = as project advances, possible to update & rebalance budget estimate |
| 1) it's imperative to est. a realistic budget when? b/c it is: 2) where does the architect derive predictive parameters? 3-5) the budget depends on 3 realistic predictions: | 1) from the very beginning b/c they're predictive & comprehensive 2) past experience & published mat. 3) reasonable efficiency ratio of net to gross area 4) cost per sq ft escalated to mid-const. 5) other expenditures as percentage of bldg cost |
| 1) solution to ex scenario when a trial-run cost estimate analysis results in a total budget amt req.'d alrger than the extent of client's available funds: | 1) b/c client cannot afford total cost, & if budget is fixed for a specific time, only 2 other factors can change: - cost per sq ft & gross area = quality of const. or amt of space or both must be reduced |
| COST ESTIMATE ANALYSIS A) bldg costs (#SF at $$/GSF - multiply) B) fixed equipment (8% of A) C) site development (15% of A) D) total const. (A + B + C) E) site acquisition /demo (fixed cost given) | F) moveable equip (8% of A) G) professional fees (6% of D) H) contingencies (10% of D) J) Admin costs (1% of D) K) total budget req.'d (D + E through J) *see pg 91 |
| 1) after evaluating info for a project, programmers & designers must: 2) ^ a min of 4 statements concerning the 4 major considerations of: 3) rarely there should be more than (___) statements otherwise the problem is still: | 1) write down the most salient statements regarding the problem 2) function, form, economy, & time covering the functional program, the site, the budget, & implications of time 3) 10 statements / problem is too complex |
| 1) while each condition for design must be precisely stated, the direction of what should be done should be: 2) this direction should be made in terms of performance, to not: | 1) ambiguous enough to prevent the feeling of being locked into one solution 2) close out alt solutions or different expressions in arch. form |
| -to reinforce the concept of Architecture by Team Action 1) Principle of Product - a product has a better chance for success if during design process: 2) Principle of Process - every task req.'s 3 kinds of thinking related to disciplines of arch. practice: | 1) the 4 major considerations of function, form, economy, time are regarded simultaneously 2) management, design, & building technology - teamwork being the overlap |
| -expanding on 2 principles of team action, these principles are foundations of problem-seeking 1) Principle of Client Involvement: 2) Principle of Effective Communication: 3) Principle of Comprehensive Analysis: | 1) client is a participating member of the project team, makes most decisions at programming 2) clients/designers req. graphic analysis to understand the magnitude of #'s & implication of ideas 3) factors that influence design can be classified in simple framework of 5 steps & 4 considerations |
| 4) Principle of Bare Essentials: 5) Principle of Abstract Thinking: | 4) programming req.'s abstracting only the major aspects of info 5) programmatic concepts are the abstract ideas intended to be operational solutions to clients' performance problems w/out regard to physical design response |
| 6) Principle of Distinct Separation: 7) Principle of Efficient Operation: | 6) recognizes programming (analysis) & design (synthesis) as 2 different processes & different ways of thinking 7) programming team req.'s good project mgmt, clear roles & responsibilities, a common language, & standard procedures |
| 8) Principle of Qualitative Information: 9) Principle of Quantitative Information: 10) Principle of Definite Closure: | 8) req.'s of proposed bldg include clients' goals (what's to be achieved) & concepts (how it's to be achieved) 9) certain project facts are needs & #'s - # of ppl/things generate area/cost #'s & lead to a balanced budget/cost ctrl 10) programming is process leading to explicit statement of arch. problem - resolving complexity to simple statement |
| 1-6) traditional problem solving steps: *compare w/ 5 problem-seeking steps | 1) definition of the problem 2) establishment of objectives 3) collection of data 4) analysis of the problem 5) consideration of solutions 6) solution of the problem |
| 1-6) "total project delivery system" | 1) programming (P) 2) schematic design (SD) 3) design development (DD) 4) construction documents (CD) 5) bidding 6) construction |
| 1-3) "total design process" | 1) programming *note separate from SD 2) schematic design 3) design development |
| 1) "schematic design" is the interpretation of the owner's project req.'s by studies/dwgs that illustrate: | 1) basic arch. concepts, space req.'s & relationships, primary circulation, scale, massing, use of site, gen. appearance, scope of project, statement of adequacy of stipulated project budget |
| 1) "design development" follows approval of SD & includes: 2) "construction documents" transforms approved DD package into: | 1) determination, design, & coordination of arch., structural, mech, & elec systems; equip. layouts; all related site development 2) set of detailed, legal bidding docs that relate to const. industry; ctrl & direct const. process via const. dwgs & detail mat.'s & bldg systems spec's |
| GOALS VS OBJECTIVES (general vs the specific) 1) ex goal: to serve as many students from the state of Texas as possible; objective = 2) to promote academic efficiency; objective= | 1) to increase enrollment by the amt of 1,000 students per year 2) to reduce student travel time btwn classes |
| 1) purpose of determining a total area for a bldg program is to: 2) "bldg gross area" is the: 3) "unassigned areas" consist of typ: 4) "tare area" is the: | 1) predict the size of a new bldg & to provide a sound basis for estimating the budget for bldg const. 2) sum of the net assignable & unassigned areas 3) circulation areas, mech areas, toilets, janitor closets, storage, walls, partitions 4) remainder after net assignable area is subtracted from the gross bldg area |
| Unassigned Area Ratio to Bldg Gross Area 1) circulation 2) mechanical 3) walls, partitions, structure 4) public toilets 5) janitor closets 6) unassigned storage | 1) 16% - 30% 2) 5% - 8% 3) 7% - 9% 4) 1.5% - 2% 5) 0.2% - 0.5% 6) 0.3% - 0.5% * of unassigned area range (30% - 50%) |
| 1) net assignable area includes: 2) net assignable area excludes: 3) measure to the inside face of (___), to finished surface of walls surrounding (___), center of partitions separating: | 1) interior walls, bldg columns, projections 2) exterior walls, major vert. penetrations, bldg core & service areas, primary & secondary circulation 3) exterior bldg walls / major vert. penetrations, bldg core, service areas / adjoining net assignable areas & secondary circulation spaces |
| 1) useable area includes: 2) useable area excludes: 3) measure to: | 1) net assignable areas of interior walls, bldg columns, projections 2) exterior walls, major vert. penetrations, bldg core & service areas, primary circulation 3) basically same as net assignable |
| 1) rentable area includes: 2) rentable area excludes: 3) measure to: | 1) useable area, bldg core & service areas, & primary circulation 2) major vert. floor penetrations like elevator shafts & stairs (terms may vary according to terms of lease) 3) inside surface of exterior walls, excluding vert. penetrations in floor, include columns & bldg projections |
| 1) bldg gross area includes: 2) measure to: | 1) floor area enclosed by envelope including basements, penthouses, mezzanines 2) outside face of exterior walls (even at basement), disregarding cornices, pilasters, buttresses extending beyond wall face |
| BLDG EFFICIENCY FACTORS 1) interior layout efficiency X base bldg efficiency = overall bldg efficiency 2) net assignable area / overall efficiency = bldg gross area | 1) typ all bldg types except warehouse have a base bldg efficiency of 0.80 2) commonly used for public & educational bldg design applications |
| BLDG EFFICIENCY FACTORS 3) useable area / base bldg efficiency = bldg gross area 4)net assignable area / layout efficiency = useable area 5) rentable area / R/U ratio = useable area | 3) commonly used for commercial bldg design applications 4) commonly used for interior design applications 5) commonly used to calculate rentable area for lease agreements or financial analysis - R/U ratio also called "loss factor" |
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