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| Question | Answer |
| Visual Acuity | clearness and sharpness of vision |
| Audiometer | an instrument that measures hearing |
| Opthalmoscope | instrument used to examine the internal structures of the eye |
| Otoscope | instrument used to examine the ear during the physical examination |
| Ophthalmologist | treat refractive disorders(lens and cornea) prescribe medications performs various types of surgical procedures of the eye |
| Optometrist | not a medical doctor licensed to perform visual acuity and prescribes corrective lenses |
| Optician | not a doctor cannot diagnose, prescribe or treat eye disorders can fill prescriptions for eye glasses and contact lenses. |
| Myopia (nearsightedness) | the ability to only see objects close up |
| Hyperopia (farsightness) | the ability to only see objects that are far away |
| Presbyopia | farsightedness due to the aging process, caused by loss of elasticity of the lens |
| Astigmatism | abnormal curvature of the cornea, which causes blurry vision |
| Snellen Chart | is used to test distance visual acuity Used for adults and school aged children it consists of letter in the English alphabet, and decreases in size |
| Performing Visual Acuity Testing | adults and children 6 years of age are placed 20 feet away from the chart children 5 and below are placed 10 feet away |
| Jaeger Chart | used for a near vision assessment has a series of readings with the type ranging in size from newspaper headline print to the small print found in telephone directories |
| Ishihara Method | used to screen color vision to detect color vision deficiency and red-green deficiency it uses different sized circles, with primary color dots which form a number or shape |
| Contrast Sensitivity Testing | the measurement of contrast sensitivity provides a screening test for earlier diagnosis and treatment of particular eye disease |
| Pelli-Robson Chart | measures contrast sensitivity by defining the faintest contrast the patient can see |
| Vision Tester | an instrument that offers simple screening in minutes |
| Titmus Vision Tester | a compact electric testing device that uses computer-designed optics to screen visual acuitu |
| Eye Instillation | medications are instilled to treat infections and to relieve inflammation, to dilate, or constrict the pupil, to anesthetize the eye for examination, and to stimulate circulation in the eye. |
| Eye Irrigation | performed to flush the eye and may be ordered to relieve inflammation, remove foreign particles, cleanse and remove secretions due to infection, and flush out harmful substances such as chemicals |
| Auricle or Pinna | the visible portion of the ear, made up of cartilage covered with skin. Receives and collects sound waves |
| External Auditory Canal | the passageway, approx 1 inch in length, lined with hair and glands that produce cerumen (ear wax) connects auricle to the tympanic membrane |
| Tympanic Membrane | eardrum, membrane separates the external ear from the middle ear and receives sound waves collects by the auricle |
| Otorhinolarygnologist | specializes in disorders of the ear is in an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) doctor |
| Audiologist | trained to identify and treat hearing or balance problems |
| Conduction Loss | occurs when sound waves cannot reach the middle ear due to impacted cerumen, obstruction of the ear canal, or swelling due to otitis media |
| Nerve Deafness | occurs as a result of damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, which blocks the transmission of sound waves to the auditory centers of the brain |
| Degree of Hearing Loss | Mild: may not hear soft speech Moderate: may affect language development, articulation, and interaction Moderate-Severe: difficulty with speech Severe: may affect voice quality Profound (deafness): both speech and language deteriorate |
| Audiometry | instrument that measures hearing acuity at different frequencies |
| Tympanometry | a procedure used to determine whether or not the middle ear is transmitting sound waves |
| Tympanmeter | an electric device with an attached probe that is placed snugly in the patient's ear |
| Ear Instillation | Liquids are instilled into the external auditory canal to treat infections, to relieve pain, and to soften impacted cerumen for easier removal |
| Ear Irrigation | washing the external ear canal with a stream of solution used to dislodge a foreign object, cleanse the ear canal, remove impacted cerumen, or reduce inflammation |
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